关键词: 港口, 腹地, Huff模型, 辽宁沿海港口

Abstract:

Following the acceleration of the economic globalization, marine transportation has become the main way of international goods trade. As a result, the port becomes an important influence factor of the economic development which causes more attention concern. In the study, the Huff model was employed to calculate the potential-energy value of the influence which the six ports along the Liaoning coast act on the hinterland city. Then, a quantitative estimate about the spatial evolution process of the port hinterland along the Liaoning coast was performed in 1995-2009. Finally, we qualitative analyzed the driving factors of spatial evolution of the port hinterland. The result showed that: 1) The spatial distribution of the port hinterland in the study area has changed a lot during the past 15 years and the study area has been changed from the single hinterland of Dalian port to a mixed-hinterland of several ports. The hinterland ever belonged to Dalian port along the traffic line between Harbin and Dalian has converted to the hinterland of Yingkou port which caused a decrease on the extent of hinterland in Dalian port and oppositely an increase on the extent of hinterland in Yingkou port. Some local ports (such as Jinzhou port and Dandong port) mainly serving for the surrounding hinterland cities has not experienced a significantly variation on the extent of hinterland. 2) Based on the calculation result of the Huff model, the influence potential-energy value of the six ports has also changed. According the potential-energy value, the influence of Dalian port on the study area decreased in the past years, especially the influence on Liaoning Province and surrounding areas which has experienced an obviously reduction. The Yingkou port has an increased influence along and both sides of the T-shaped traffic line, which make the Yingkou port a more and more important position among the six ports. The influence of Jinzhou port on its original hinterland has become more stable than past years. In addition, there is an expanding trend on the spatial extent of Jinzhou hinterland toward to the central parts of Liaoning Province which represents a rising influence force of Jinzhou port. The Dandong port also has an increased influence on the most parts of the study area, particularly on the middle and eastern area of Northeast China. Following the improving of port infrastructure construction, Dandong port has become a new thoroughfare to the Sea of Northeast China. 3) The influence factors of the hinterland spatial evolution are various and complex. According to the qualitative analysis of the driving factors which caused the spatial structure evolution of the port hinterland along the Liaoning coast, location conditions, transportation infrastructure conditions, the rising of urban influence force and the guidance of government policies are considered as the most important factors.

Key words: ports, hinterland, Huff model, Liaoning coastal ports