关键词: 通勤满意度, 职住分离, 空间格局, 居住分异, 北京

Abstract:

With the reform and opening up, China experienced a rapid growth during the past 30 years. At the same time, the urbanization level increased to nearly 50% at 2010. The transformation in China had provided a great opportunity for theoretical work on the urban study. The urban spatial structure had undergone tremendous change with housing reform too. The traffic problems such as longtime commute, traffic congestion and air pollutions that accompanied with the home-work separation are paid more attention now. Beijing, as the capital of China, is also faced these challenges. In this article, an empirical analysis focused on the difference of residents′ commuting satisfaction in Beijing was done based on the large-scale survey data both in 2005 and 2010. The survey focused on the commute behaviors and the social-economic characteristics of the people worked in Beijing. We find out that the people can be divided into 4 groups by using Principal Component Analysis based on their socio-economic characteristics. The 4 groups are civilians in general, young migrant workers, high-income group and young white-collar workers. And then the spatial distribution of the 4 groups was tested by using Moran′s I. The results show that there are significant spatial autocorrelation in distribution of civilians in general and young white-collar workers. But the distribution of young migrant workers and high-income group are more random than spatial cluster. The hot spots of the cluster of the groups were found by LISA. General civilians mainly gather in western suburbs and young migrant workers mainly in urban central area or nearby Zhongguancun; high-income group also gather in urban center while young white-collars cluster are located in northern area of the city and the area near the East Fifth Ring Road. The difference of the commuting satisfaction among these groups is tested too. The results show that compared with 2005, the residents commute satisfaction has declined in Beijing in 2010. One reason may be the commuting time increased from 38.0 min to 43.6 min at the same time. The commuting satisfaction of civilians in general and young migrant workers is relatively higher while high-income group and young white-collar workers had lower satisfaction. The result shows that there is significant spatial difference of the residents’ commuting satisfaction too. The hot spot with higher satisfaction clustered in the center area of the city, and the cool spot with lower satisfaction clustered in the suburbs area of the city. The spatial distribution of the groups can help to understand the pattern of the residents’ commuting satisfaction.

Key words: commuting satisfaction, home-work separation, spatial pattern, residential separation, Beijing