玉龙雪山现代季风温冰川对气候变化的响应

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2013.07.890

地理科学 ›› 2013, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (7): 890-896.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2013.07.890

• • 上一篇

玉龙雪山现代季风温冰川对气候变化的响应

杜建括^1,²(), 辛惠娟^1,², 何元庆^1,³, 牛贺文³, 蒲焘³, 曹伟宏^1,², 张涛^1,²

1.中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730000
2.中国科学院大学, 北京100049
3.兰州大学资源环境学院, 甘肃兰州 730000

收稿日期:2012-09-10 修回日期:2012-11-09 出版日期:2013-07-20 发布日期:2013-07-20
作者简介:
作者简介：杜建括（1985-）,男,山东聊城人,博士,主要从事冰川变化研究。E-mail:djklzu2008@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（40971019,41273010)、国家自然科学基础人才培养基金冰川冻土学特殊学科点项目（11J0930003)资助

Response of Modern Monsoon Temperate Glacier to Climate Change in Yulong Mountain

Jian-kuo DU^1,²(), Hui-juan XIN^1,², Yuan-qing HE^1,³, He-wen NIU³, Tao PU³, Wei-hong CAO^1,², Tao ZHANG^1,²

1.State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. College of Earth and Environmental Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China

Received:2012-09-10 Revised:2012-11-09 Online:2013-07-20 Published:2013-07-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以玉龙雪山冰川区为研究区,基于野外观测数据及遥感数据,分析玉龙雪山现代季风温冰川的响应过程,探讨冰川变化的主要原因。结果表明：玉龙雪山地区冰川持续退缩明显;近年来白水1号冰川冰裂隙数量增多,规模扩大,冰川退缩速度不断加快;冰川冰体温度升高,从而导致冰川消融加快;2004和2009年在玉龙雪山东坡发生的崩塌事件,是冰川消融加剧,冰体温度上升的直接反应;气候变暖是玉龙雪山冰川退缩的主要原因。

关键词: 玉龙雪山, 季风温冰川, 冰川响应, 气候变化

Abstract:

Sensitive responding to climate change is the most remarkable feature of monsoon temperate glaciers, as the most direct and brightest indicator of climate change it would substantially go forward or backward by a weak change of temperature. This article selects Yulong Mountain as research region, which is the southernmost temperate glacier region at present in China and Eurasian continent. Based on field observation data and remote sensing data, combining previous research results, the response process of Yulong Mountain to climatic change is emphatically analyzed. Additionally, this article especially studies the area, shape, temperature, width, and terminus etc variation of Baishui No.1 glacier, and discusses the main causes of glacial changes. The result was as follows: 1) Glaciers retreat was continuous and obvious in Yulong Mountain. Compared with 19 glaciers with total area of 11.6 km² in 1957, 6 glaciers had disappeared completely, and only 13 glaciers exist at present, with a total area of 5.30 km² in 2001 and 4.42 km² in 2009. The changing rate of glacier area was -1.19% in 1957-2009, which was much faster than that of other typical glacier region in China. 2) Compared with 1982, the quantity of the Baishui No.1glacier crevasses increased and their scales also extend in the context of global climate change, the body of glacier had ruptured on the firn basin. A series of massive crevasses had formed on the glacier surface since 2011. Meanwhile, the ice river/lake had appeared since 2008, glacial ablation was much intense. 3) The glacier terminus elevation displayed rising state overall in 1982-2011, and the rising amplitude had increased since 1999. The retreat speed of Baishui No.1 glacier was 8.8 m/a in 1982-2011, and increased to 13.8 m/a in 1999-2011. 4) The lowest temperature from glacier surface to 8 m depth at the ablation area was -0.8℃ in 1982, and rising to -0.39℃ in 2009. Rising glacier temperature caused melt speed of the ice accelerate and mass balance loss intensifying. 5) The accelerating glacier ablation and rising temperature result in ice body freezing capacity and the stability of periglacial rock mass decreasing obviously, which ultimately leads to the ice/rock collapse happening in the appropriate circumstances, and it is the right examples that two collapse events happened in Yanggongjiang No.5 glacier in March, 2004 and October, 2009. 6) The temperature and precipitation generally showed an increasing trend in 1951-2011 in Lijiang, improving temperature tendency is 0.14℃/10 a, precipitation tendency was 9.0 mm/10 a. But the increasing amount of precipitation cannot counteract mass wastage caused by rising temperature. The glacier retreat of Yulong Mountain mainly ascribed to climate warming.

Key words: Yulong Mountain, monsoonal temperate glacier, glacier response, climate change

中图分类号:

P343.6

杜建括, 辛惠娟, 何元庆, 牛贺文, 蒲焘, 曹伟宏, 张涛. 玉龙雪山现代季风温冰川对气候变化的响应[J]. 地理科学, 2013, 33(7): 890-896.

Jian-kuo DU, Hui-juan XIN, Yuan-qing HE, He-wen NIU, Tao PU, Wei-hong CAO, Tao ZHANG. Response of Modern Monsoon Temperate Glacier to Climate Change in Yulong Mountain[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2013, 33(7): 890-896.

图/表 5

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流域	冰川编号	1957年	2001年		2009年
流域	冰川编号	冰川面积（km²）	冰川面积（km²）	面积变化率（%）	冰川面积（km²）	面积变化率（%）
漾弓江	1	0.76	0	-100	0	-100
	2	0.46	0	-100	0	-100
	3	0.08	0.062	-23	0.061	-24
	4	0.42	0.265	-37	0.243	-42
	5	0.72	0.052	-93	0.024	-97
白水河	1	1.52	1.361	-10	1.229	-19
	2	0.2	0.214	7	0.170	-15
	3	0.26	0.215	-17	0.140	-46
	4	0.21	0.097	-54	0.080	-62
	5	0.59	0.176	-70	0.136	-77
	6	0.93	0.253	-73	0.176	-81
大具沟	1	1.22	1.039	-15	0.880	-28
	2	1.9	1.321	-31	1.103	-42
	3	0.86	0.235	-73	0.177	-79
	4	0.73	0	-100	0	-100
仁河	1	0.04	0.012	-69	0.005	-88
	2	0.28	0	-100	0	-100
	3	0.32	0	-100	0	-100
	4	0.11	0	-100	0	-100
总计		11.61	5.30	-54	4.42	-62

玉龙雪山现代季风温冰川对气候变化的响应

Response of Modern Monsoon Temperate Glacier to Climate Change in Yulong Mountain

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