城市居民公园游憩幸福感的因素构成与差异分析——以杭州市为例

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2013.09.1074

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以杭州市为例,对公园游憩者进行问卷调查,运用主成分回归和方差分析法揭示游憩幸福感的因素构成、空间分异与社会差异。研究发现：城市居民的游憩幸福感主要由情感幸福感、认知幸福感和社会幸福感构成,是具有层次性的主观幸福感;公园游憩幸福感存在空间分异性,居民主要通过城市大公园游憩获取情感幸福感和认知幸福感、通过社区小公园游憩获取社会幸福感;公园游憩幸福感存在社会差异性,收入、年龄、文化程度、职业4个变量对游憩幸福感有显著影响。为此,城市政府应以游憩幸福感为核心,根据居民游憩幸福感的感知现状及其空间、社会差异特征进行公园游憩空间的建构与游憩设施配置。

关键词: 游憩幸福感, 城市公园, 社区公园, 游憩

Abstract:

In the process of rapid urbanization, the outdoor recreational resources are becoming scarcely. Although the construction of parks can promote recreational welfare and happiness for urban dwellers, few studies have focused on the recreational happiness of park users and its inherent differences, which carried great significance for urban governments to allocate the recreational facilities and services. Thus, this study, taking Hangzhou as a case, carried out a questionnaire survey on the dwellers in urban parks so as to explore the components, spatial disparities and social differences of recreational happiness for urban residents by using the methods of Principal Component Regression and Multivariate Analysis of Variance. The results show that: firstly, the park-based recreational happiness of urban residents exists three dimensions with emotional happiness as the first principal component which can be interpreted by the variables of enjoyment, relaxation and fullness, perceptional happiness as the second component which can be explained by the variables of ‘increasing efficiency at work’, ‘promoting family harmony’ and ‘enhancing personal health’, and social happiness as the third component which can be illustrated by the variables of ‘making new or old friends’, ‘developing interpersonal relationship’ and ‘improving life quality’; secondly, there exist spatial disparities for the recreational happiness of park users,with the large urban parks mainly undertaking the functions of improving the emotional and perceptional happiness and the community parks raising the social happiness for urban residents; thirdly, the four demographic variables, including income, age, education and occupation have significance influences on park-based recreational happiness, which can be further illustrated by the impact of income on the emotional happiness variable, education on social happiness, age on emotional and social happiness, and occupation on the whole components of recreational happiness. Hence the urban governances should allocate the recreational facilities in parks according to the components of recreational happiness and the characteristics of its social and spatial differences.

Key words: recreational happiness, urban park, community park, recreation

中图分类号:

F592.99

张海霞, 周玲强. 城市居民公园游憩幸福感的因素构成与差异分析——以杭州市为例[J]. 地理科学, 2013, 33(9): 1074-1081.

Hai-xia ZHANG, Ling-qiang ZHOU. Factor Components and Differences of the Park-based Recreational Happiness for Urban Residents: A Case Study of Hangzhou[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2013, 33(9): 1074-1081.

图/表 6

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因子	因子载荷	特征值	解释方差
f₁：情感幸福因子		4.334	27.808
快乐感(HE)	0.891
放松感(RE)	0.886
充实感(EE)	0.821
f₂：社会幸福因子		1. 617	27.198
结交新老朋友(FS)	0.793
改善人际关系(WS)	0.766
提高人生质量(LS)	0.539
f₃：认知幸福因子		0.884	20.937
提高工作效率(WP)	0.864
促进家庭融洽(FP)	0.825
改善健康状态(HP)	0.507

城市大公园（U）				社区小公园（C）
因子	因子载荷	特征值	解释方差	因子	因子载荷	特征值	解释方差
f_u1：情感幸福因子		4.248	27.859	f_c1：社会幸福因子		4. 510	30.814
快乐感(HE)	0.877			改善人际关系(WS)	0.869
放松感(RE)	0.861			结交新老朋友(FS)	0.861
充实感(EE)	0.844			提高人生质量(LS)	0.799
f_u2：认知幸福因子		1. 718	25.728	f_c2：情感幸福因子		1.567	28.599
提高工作效率(WP)	0.866			快乐感(HE)	0.921
促进家庭融洽(FP)	0.848			放松感(RE)	0.920
改善健康状态(HP)	0.649			充实感(EE)	0.803
f_u3：社会幸福因子		0.824	21.857	f_c3：认知幸福因子		0.96	18.779
结交新老朋友(FS)	0.853			提高工作效率(WP)	0.844
改善人际关系(WS)	0.623			促进家庭融洽(FP)	0.806
提高人生质量(LS)	0.774			改善健康状态(HP)	0.417

		性别	年龄	民族	文化程度	职业	收入	居住地
Pillai's Trace	统计量	0.005	0.149	0.010	0.074	0.247	0.071	0.007
	F	0.647	6.317	1.185	2.281	2.873	2.168	0.901
	Sig.	0.585	0.000^*	0.315	0.007^*	0.000^*	0.011^*	0.441
Wilks' Lambda	统计量	0.995	0.854	0.990	0.927	0.770	0.930	0.993
	F	0.647	6.561	1.185	2.208	2.905	2.187	0.901
	Sig.	0.585	0.000^*	0.315	0.007^*	0.000^*	0.011^*	0.441
Hotelling's Trace	统计量	0.005	0.169	0.010	0.078	0.277	0.074	0.007
	F	0.647	6.739	1.185	2.330	2.932	2.202	0.901
	Sig.	0.585	0.000^*	0.315	0.006^*	0.000^*	0.010^*	0.441
Roy's Largest Root	统计量	0.005	0.150	0.010	0.066	0.143	0.059	0.007
	F	0.647	18.118	1.185	5.972	4.573	5.326	0.901
	Sig.	0.585	0.000^*	0.315	0.000^*	0.000^*	0.000^*	0.441

自变量	因变量	型Ⅲ SS	均方差	F	Sig.	自变量	因变量	型Ⅲ SS	均方差	F	Sig.
年龄	情感幸福	20.855	6.952	7.311	0.000^**	职业	情感幸福	29.008	2.637	2.777	0.002^**
	社会幸福	28.127	9.376	10.073	0.000^**		社会幸福	21.454	1.950	2.000	0.028^*
	认知幸福	5.493	1.831	1.844	0.139		认知幸福	39.358	3.578	3.896	0.000^**
收入	情感幸福	13.778	3.444	3.537	0.008^**	文化	情感幸福	9.242	2.311	2.340	0.055
	社会幸福	5.347	1.337	1.339	0.255	程度	社会幸福	17.103	4.276	4.429	0.002^**
	认知幸福	6.549	1.637	1.642	0.163		认知幸福	0.679	0.170	0.168	0.955

		情感幸福	社会幸福	认知幸福			情感幸福	社会幸福	认知幸福
年龄	≤18	-0.290	0.292	-0.284	职业	公务员	-0.240	-0.383	-0.389
	19~30	-0.172	-0.215	-0.068		文教科研人员	0.067	-0.146	-0.201
	31~59	0.184	0.093	0.203		医务人员	0.753	-0.089	-0.071
	≥60	0.398	0.491	0.053		企业事业管理人员	0.079	0.087	-0.028
收入	<1500元	-0.265	-0.172	0.029		公司普通职员	-0.009	-0.077	0.122
	1500~2000元	0.301	0.123	-0.292		个体经营者	-0.310	0.042	0.302
	2001~3500元	0.113	-0.011	0.028		务农人员	0.898	1.451	-5.431
	3501~5000元	0.121	0.097	0.137		在校学生	-0.353	-0.165	-0.121
	>5000元	0.068	0.134	0.081		军人	0.618	0.015	0.975
文化	初中及以下	0.224	0.436	0.029		离退休人员	0.389	0.452	0.019
程度	高中/中专	0.103	-0.013	0.053		外来务工人员	0.140	0.120	0.193
	大学	-0.160	-0.139	0.047		其他	-0.031	-0.208	0.185
	硕士	-0.006	-0.151	0.035
	博士及以上	-0.440	0.094	0.049