关键词: 淮河流域, 冬小麦, 水分亏缺率

Abstract:

：The whole life of winter wheat in Huaihe River Basin (HRB) are mostly in winter-spring drought season. Natural precipitation shortage is the main factor which restricts the wheat production, so to study the spatial and temporal distribution regulation of winter wheat are very important for winter wheat planting plans and irrigation management of HRB. Based on data of pressure, vapor pressure, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, average temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed and sunlight hours of 171 weather stations of HRB in 1971-2010, this article calculates the water surplus and deficit rate (WSDR) of the whole growth period (before winter growth period, wintering period, reviving and heading period, grain-filling and ripening period) of four winter wheat areas of HRB, and also analyze the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of WSDR. The results show that the spatial distribution of WSDR in HRB in recent 39 years is affected by climatic and geographic factors, and it has obvious geographical characteristics: WSDR decreases from north to south, and it is the zonal mode structure. In different growing stage of winter wheat, WSDR in grain-filling and ripening period is most serious, reviving and heading period takes second place. Although the annual tendency of WSDR is not obvious, the growth period of winter wheat which have the best and the worst water conditions are in the same age. In 1980s , the water supply of before winter growth period is the most adequate time, meanwhile is the most serious water shortage time from wintering period to grain-filling and ripening period inⅠ,Ⅱand Ⅲ areas. It is also the same as that in Ⅳ areas in 2001-2010. Moreover, WSDR during mid-later growing period in north plain and northeast hilly winter wheat area are serious in four areas, especially during grain-filling and ripening period. Which effect yield greatly, it need take message to combat drought, and decrease the damage of drought.

Key words: Huaihe River Basin, winter wheat, the water deficit rate