地理科学 ›› 2013, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9): 1150-1156.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2013.09.1150

• • 上一篇    

开封地区宋元时期洪涝灾害与气候变化

楚纯洁1,2(), 赵景波1()   

  1. 1. 陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院, 陕西 西安 710062
    2. 平顶山学院资源与环境科学学院, 河南 平顶山 467000
  • 收稿日期:2012-12-02 修回日期:2013-04-18 出版日期:2013-09-30 发布日期:2013-08-16
  • 作者简介:

    作者简介:楚纯洁(1978-),男,河南叶县人,博士研究生,讲师,主要从事自然地理、生态环境演变与治理研究。E-mail: zzfccj@163.com

  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重大项目(11&ZD097)资助

Flood Disasters and Climate Changes During Song and Yuan Dynasties in Kaifeng Area

Chun-jie CHU1,2(), Jing-bo ZHAO1()   

  1. 1.College of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, China
    2. College of Resources and Environmental Science, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China
  • Received:2012-12-02 Revised:2013-04-18 Online:2013-09-30 Published:2013-08-16

摘要:

整理分析历史文献资料,提取出北宋和元代开封地区的洪涝灾害信息,对比探讨两个时期洪涝灾害发生特征及其反映的气候变化。结果表明,宋元开封地区洪灾频发,平均2.75~2.89 a发生1次,北宋以中度雨涝为主,元代以河流决溢大灾为主。北宋前70 a洪灾频发,元代则两头少中间多。宋元洪灾主要集中于夏秋季节,夏季风降水增多或集中是其主要驱动力。北宋洪灾空间差异较小,元代则因距离黄河改道远近而差异较大。北宋前期约40 a气候偏干,之后干湿波动频繁,元代相对湿润并延续至后期;宋元洪灾均具有共同的准3、7 a周期。

关键词: 洪涝灾害, 洪涝成因, 洪涝周期, 气候变化, 宋元时期, 开封

Abstract:

Flood disasters information in Northern Song Dynasty in 960-1127 and Yuan Dynasty in 1264 -1367 in Kaifeng area was extracted based on historical records. By comparative study, characters of flood disasters and climate changes reflected by them during these two periods were discussed. The results showed that frequent occurrence of flood disasters during both periods in Kaifeng area, and flood disasters occurred once every 2.75 to 2.89 years in average. Precipitation pattern at grade Ⅱ was the main type in Northern Song Dynasty. The crevasse of rivers and overflow at grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ, however, turned out to be the prominent performance during Yuan Dynasty. Flood disasters occurred frequently in early 70 years of Northern Song Dynasty. Instead, they exhibited a low-incidence in earlier and later of Yuan Dynasty, but occurred high-frequently during the middle 60 years. Flood disasters during both dynasties concentrated in summer and autumn, and the precipitation increasing or concentration of summer monsoon occupied the main driving force. The spatial differences were small in Northern Song Dynasty, but had remarkable differences dependent on distances with the diversion of the Huanghe River in Yuan Dynasty. The climate during about 40 years of the earlier Northern Song Dynasty was a little dry, then, entered physic wet-dry changes. The climate in Yuan Dynasty kept wet and continued till late Yuan Dynasty. Furthermore, flood disasters during both periods had common inter-annual cycles like quasi-3 and 7 years.

Key words: flood disaster, flooding cause, flooding cycle, climate change, Song and Yuan dynasties, Kaifeng City

中图分类号: 

  • P331.1/X16