汉江上游现代大洪水滞流沉积物的粒度分布特征研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2014.011.1369

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对汉江上游现代大洪水高水位滞流沉积物（SWD）系统地采样测试分析,结果表明：汉江上游现代大洪水SWD沉积物性质是沙质粘土或粘土质沙、沙质粉沙或粉沙质沙。其分布特征大致分为两大类：安康段以上基本是以粉沙质沙或沙质粉沙为主,安康段以下基本是沙质粘土或粘土质沙。粒度成分和粒度参数都反映现代洪水SWD经过充分的分选,但是受多种因素影响,其粒径组成具有明显的空间变化。水库或大坝对大洪水SWD的粒度自然分布频率单峰曲线尖窄的形状没有明显的影响,而更多与其沉积的微地貌环境和水动力条件有关。

关键词: 现代大洪水, 滞流沉积物, 粒度, 空间分布, 汉江上游

Abstract:

Modern large flood events were marked clearly by grayish slackwater deposits of silty fine sand on the channel side. The most recent large floods in the upper Hanjiang River occurred on 19 July, 2010 with a peak discharge 21 400 m³/s and 19 September, 2011 with a peak discharge 21 000 m³/s as measured in the Baihe gauge station in the upper Hanjiang River basin. Modern flood slackwater deposits (SWD) were systematically investigated and sampled from upstream to downstream along the upper Hanjiang River in 2010-2012. These results showed that modern flood SWD is sandy clay, clay sand, sandy silt and silty sand in the upper Hanjiang River. There are two parts for the distribution of modern flood SWD. Sediment properties of modern flood SWD in the upstream of Ankang section are sandy silt and silty sand, but they are sandy clay and clayey sand in the downstream of Ankang section. The average clay (< 2 μm) content (5.9%) in the upper stream of Ankang section (LSC site) is higher than that in the down stream (clay content 2.1%). The average fine silt (2-16 μm) content (24.7%) in the upper stream of Ankang section (LSC site) is higher than that (17.0%) in the down stream. The average coarse silt (16-63 μm) content of modern flood SWD is 36.4% in the upper Hanjiang River. Clay and fine silt present high values in the upstream of LSC site and low values in the down stream of LSC site. On the contrary, sand (>63 μm) content shows that the low values (33.3%) in the upper stream of LSC site, whereas high values (44.2%) present in the down stream of LSC site. Mean size and medium size of modern flood SWD in the upstream of Ankang section are finer than that in the downstream. Mean size is larger than medium size of modern flood SWD along the upper Hanjiang River. Both sorting and skewness gradually decrease, but kurtosis gradually increases along the upper Hanjiang River. These results reflect that modern flood SWD are suspend deposits during highly energetic flood flows and deposited at long-term preservation. Grain size distribution of modern flood SWD presents obvious spatial variation along the upper Hanjiang River. Grain-size distributions of modern flood SWD are not only controlled by the lithology, topography, geomorphology and hydrology of the upper Hanjiang River, but also affected by the flood SWD sources, hydrologic conditions and micro-geomorphology of the SWD sedimentary environment. The shapes of particle-size distribution frequency curves in the modern flood SWD are more related to the micro-geomorphology environment and hydrodynamic conditions during flood periods, and reservoirs and dams have week influence on the shapes of modern flood SWD in the upper Hanjiang River. The shape of particle-size distribution frequency curve of modern flood SWD is an important proxy for identifying the palaeoflood SWD. These results provide a basic reference to mitigate flood disasters, palaeoflood science, and soil and water conservation in the upper Hanjiang River.

Key words: modern flood, slackwater deposits, grain size, spatial variation, the upper Hanjiang River

中图分类号:

P954

郭永强, 黄春长, 庞奖励, 尚瑞清, 周亚利. 汉江上游现代大洪水滞流沉积物的粒度分布特征研究[J]. 地理科学, 2014, 34(11): 1369-1376.

Yong-qiang GUO, Chun-chang HUANG, Jiang-li PANG, Rui-qing SHANG, Ya-li ZHOU. Grain Size Characteristics of Modern Flood Slackwater Deposits Along the Upper Hanjiang River[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2014, 34(11): 1369-1376.

图/表 6

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