近40 a来天山台兰河流域冰川资源变化分析

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2014.02.229

地理科学 ›› 2014, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 229-236.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2014.02.229

近40 a来天山台兰河流域冰川资源变化分析

怀保娟^1,²(), 李忠勤^1,³, 孙美平³, 周平¹

1.中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室天山冰川站,甘肃兰州 730000
2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
3.西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃兰州 730070

收稿日期:2012-12-21 修回日期:2013-07-01 出版日期:2014-02-10 发布日期:2014-02-10
作者简介:
作者简介：怀保娟（1988-）,山东济南人,博士研究生,研究方向：冰川变化与地理信息技术。E-mail：huaibaojuan@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（41121001,41201065）;国家重点实验室自主项目（SKLCS-ZZ-2012-01-01）;国家基金项目（91025012;1141001040;41101066）和中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所青年基金项目（51Y25B51）资助

Glaciers Change in the Tailan River Watershed in the Last 40 Years

Bao-juan HUAI^1,²(), Zhong-qin LI^1,³, Mei-ping SUN³, Ping ZHOU¹

1.State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences,Tianshan Glaciological Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000,China
2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070,China

Received:2012-12-21 Revised:2013-07-01 Online:2014-02-10 Published:2014-02-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

台兰河流域作为阿克苏河的支流,是以冰川融水补给为主的河流,流域面积为1 324 km²。结合1：5万地形图、Landsat ETM+遥感影像及数字高程模型数据,通过综合计算机自动解译及目视解译的方法,将面向对象图像特征提取方法应用到该流域冰川信息提取中,并以影像叠加数字高程模型来提取表碛覆盖区的冰川末端边界,最后参照专家指导意见进行边界的再次修订,得到1972~2011年该流域的冰川变化数据,并分析了过去近40 a来冰川变化特征及其对气候变化的响应过程。结果表明：1972~2011年,台兰河流域冰川退缩明显,冰川总面积从435.44 km²退缩到385.38 km²,减少了50.06 km²,退缩率为11.50%,年均减少约1.25 km²,平均单条冰川面积减小0.31 km²;冰川总条数从113条减少到109条,消失冰川10条,有3条冰川分离成了9条,其余100条冰川都呈减小趋势。结合阿克苏和拜城气象站气象资料分析认为,台兰河流域冰川萎缩与该地区气温快速上升关系密切,气温上升导致的冰川消融在一定程度上抵消了降水增加对冰川的补给。

关键词: 冰川变化, 退缩, 面向对象信息提取方法, Landsat ETM+, 台兰河流域

Abstract:

The Tailan River Watershed, a branch of the Aksu River Basin, is a glacier-melt runoff river and has a drainage area of 1 324 km². So far, there is still no detailed assessment of changes of the characteristics of the glaciers. Therefore, timely and correct assessment of glacier changes in the Tailan River to fill gaps in this region is urgent, and it has an extremely important significance for the Tailan River Watershed′s economic development and people's livelihood. 1∶50 000 topographic map data, Landsat ETM+ remote sensing images and digital elevation model data were used in this research. Through integrated computer automatic interpretation and visual interpretation methods, the object-oriented image feature extraction method is applied to extract glacier information. And the images overlying digital elevation model was used to extract the debris- covered glacier terminal in this region. At last, the expert guidance was referenced to revise the glacier outline again. Glacier change data in 1972-2011 were derived from this research, and analyses the glacier variation characteristics and its response to climate change in the past nearly 40 a. The results show that: between 1972 and 2011, the Tailan River watershed′s glaciers had an evident retreat trend, the total area of ??glaciers was from 435.44 km² to 385.38 km²; shrinking at a rate of 11.50%, with the average annual decrease was approximately 1.25 km² and the average single glacier area decrease was 0.31 km². Glacier total number decreased from 113 to 109, 10 glaciers were disappeared and three glaciers separated into nine remaining. Other 100 glaciers were presenting decreasing trend. In 2011, according to the results of object-oriented image feature extraction method of glacier distribution and temporal variation, glaciers in this basin are mainly distributed in an elevation of 3 900-4 200 m range, and aspect of the glacier terminal toward the east occupy the vast majority in this basin. By analyzing Aksu and Baicheng weather stations′ annual average temperature and precipitation data from 1960 to 2010, the mean annual temperature increased significantly and the annual precipitation also showed an increasing trend. The study concluded that glacier shrinkage is closely related with temperature rising and glacier melting caused by rising temperatures offsets the supply by increased precipitation to some extent.

Key words: glacier change, shrink, object-oriented image feature extraction method, Landsat ETM+, the Tailan River Watershed

中图分类号:

P343.6

怀保娟, 李忠勤, 孙美平, 周平. 近40 a来天山台兰河流域冰川资源变化分析[J]. 地理科学, 2014, 34(2): 229-236.

Bao-juan HUAI, Zhong-qin LI, Mei-ping SUN, Ping ZHOU. Glaciers Change in the Tailan River Watershed in the Last 40 Years[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2014, 34(2): 229-236.

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冰川编号	分离后的冰川	朝向	末端海拔（m）	面积（km²）	退缩面积（km²）	退缩率%
5Y674B0028（琼台兰冰川）	西琼台兰冰川	E	3390	107.13	12.36	7.39
	东琼台兰冰川	SE	3440	40.23
	小冰川1	N	3660	2.20
	小冰川2	W	3870	5.56
5Y674C0013（克其克铁列克苏冰川）	5Y674C0013	S	3260	81.89	10.36	10.33
5Y674C0013（克其克铁列克苏冰川）	小冰川	E	3910	8.06	10.36	10.33
5Y674C0022	5Y674C0022	SW	3160	18.44	6.34	15.77
	小冰川1	NW	3900	4.21
	小冰川2	NW	3940	2.73

研究区域	面积变化(km²)	面积变化率%	退缩速率%/a	数据源	解译方法	研究时段(年)	来源
开都河流域	-38.5	-11.6	-0.31	地形图、TM/ETM+	目视解译	1963~2000	刘时银^[17]
阿克苏河流域	-58.6	-3.3	-0.09	航片、TM/ETM+	目视解译	1963~1999	刘时银[17]
朋曲流域	-131.24	-8.98	-0.30	地形图、ASTER	目视解译	1970s~2000	晋锐[18]
乌鲁木齐河流域	-6.65	-13.8	-0.45	航片、地形图	航空摄影测量	1962~1992	陈建明[19]
祁连山野牛沟流域	-16.22	-25.71	-0.54	航片、地形图	目视解译	1956~2003	阳勇[20]
台兰河流域	-50.06	-11.50	-0.29	地形图、ETM+	目视解译	1972~2011	本研究

近40 a来天山台兰河流域冰川资源变化分析

Glaciers Change in the Tailan River Watershed in the Last 40 Years

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