关键词: 国家公园, 公益性, 国家主导性, 科学性, 风景名胜区

Abstract:

National Park is widely recognized and booming in the world as both an idea and a measure of sustainable development, which needs strict protection and rational use of natural and cultural resources. According to the different conditions of countries there, are various institutional models of international National Parks. Despite of this, the fundamental properties of National Parks are public consensus and need to be maintained. The investigation of this artide demonstrates that public welfare,state dominance,and scientificity are three fundamental characteristics of National Park. More specifically, the characteristic public welfare is the primary purpose of the establishment of national park, which involves the establishment based on public interests, low charges for citizens, public education for citizens, active participation of citizens, etc. Additionally, state dominance and scientificity are two guarantees of the implication of public welfare. The former requires national confirmation, national management, national legislation, national maintenance and national consciousness while the latter demands the creation of scientific national park system, scientific national park planning and subarea as well as scientific management and utilization and so forth. The establishment of China National Park is facing some problems, such as special country circumstances, existing protected areas with bull management, protection and utilization pressure and so on. Scenic areas and other protected areas should be taken advantage of as pilot projects. A unified standard of China National Park should be formulated by adopting access system. At the same time, it is necessary to gradually explore a unified management system and the legal system. Eventually, the national park system with overall management and Chinese characteristics should be founded.

Key words: National Park, public welfare, state dominance, scientificity, scenic areas