南宋以来江苏海岸带历史海岸线时空演变研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2014.03.344

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

历史海岸线变迁研究是海岸带研究的一个重要方面,对于海岸带的利用、开发与保护有重要的意义。以江苏海岸带为研究对象,结合数字海岸线分析系统分区段建立有效的海岸线分析断面,并计算各个区段的海岸线历史变化,对南宋至今约1 000 a来的历史海岸线变迁进行定量和定性分析,揭示海岸线时空变迁背后的驱动力。结果表明：废黄河口地区变化剧烈,最大淤涨速率和侵蚀速率分别达250、600 m/a,塑造其剧烈变化的动因是公元1128年的黄河夺淮与公元1855年的黄河北归;此外,近代废灶兴垦等人类活动也导致了辐射沙洲北部及南部变化明显。

关键词: 海岸带, 海岸线变迁, 历史演变, 时空分析, 江苏

Abstract:

Historical coastline changes are very important in the coastal area study, which will benefit on utilization, development and protection of coastal areas. In this article, Jiangsu coastal areas are selected as the research area to perform a-1000-years' historical coastline evolution analysis from the South Song Dynasty in ancient China to recent years. Based on the historical coastline analysis, the underlying spatio-temporal evolution mechanism is explored. Firstly, Jiangsu coastal areas are divided into six subdivisions according to the physical geographical conditions and its historical geomorphologic changes. Secondly, Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) is used to build 356 effective coastline transacts and historical coastline changes are calculated for each transact. Thirdly, quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis are used to analyze the coastline spatio-temporal change in different historical periods. Finally, the driving forces of coastline historical change are revealed according to the above analysis. The study shows that the old Huanghe River changes severely and the maximum deposition rate and erosion rate reach 250 m/a, 600 m/a respectively. And the most important driving forces for the Millennium’s coastline changes are the historical events such as “The Huanghe River captured the Huaihe River” in 1128 AD and “The Huanghe River returned to the north” in 1855 AD and in modern times, as the major human activities, “Demolishing Salt-making Stoves and Cultivating Land” have more significant impact on the Jiangsu coastline change, resulting in the north and south radiate shoal changing obviously.

Key words: coastal areas, coastline changes, historical evolution, spatio-temporal analysis, Jiangsu Province

中图分类号:

P736

张晓祥, 王伟玮, 严长清, 晏王波, 戴煜暄, 徐盼, 朱晨曦. 南宋以来江苏海岸带历史海岸线时空演变研究[J]. 地理科学, 2014, 34(3): 344-351.

Xiao-xiang ZHANG, Wei-wei WANG, Chang-qing YAN, Wang-bo YAN, Yu-xuan DAI, Pan XU, Chen-xi ZHU. Historical Coastline Spatio-temporal Evolution Analysis in Jiangsu Coastal Area During the Past 1 000 Years[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2014, 34(3): 344-351.

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序号	数据类型	年代	比例尺/分辨率	主要数据来源
1	历史地图历史地图历史地图历史地图历史地图	南宋时期	1∶25万	中国海岸带和海图资源调查综合地图集(江苏省)
2		明嘉靖时期	1∶25万	中国海岸带和海图资源调查综合地图集(江苏省)
3		清顺治时期	1∶25万	中国海岸带和海图资源调查综合地图集(江苏省)
4		清乾隆时期	1∶25万	中国海岸带和海图资源调查综合地图集(江苏省)
5		清光绪时期	1∶25万	中国海岸带和海图资源调查综合地图集(江苏省)
6	现代地形图现代地形图现代地形图	民国地形图	1∶5万	江苏省测绘地理信息局档案馆
7		1950年代	1∶5万	江苏省测绘地理信息局档案馆
8		1980年代	1∶5万	江苏省测绘地理信息局档案馆
9	遥感影像	2006年	30 m	美国Landsat TM遥感卫星数据