中国区域旅行社业效率的空间分异研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2014.04.430

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

运用数据包络分析模型,对2003~2009年中国区域旅行社业效率的空间分异特征及动态变化趋势进行了实证分析,研究结果表明：中国区域旅行社业综合效率总体上呈现出增长的态势,纯技术效率是综合效率变化的主导因素,中国区域旅行社业全要素生产率也表现为增长的态势;中国区域旅行社业效率呈现出东西部高、中部低走势,且中部和东西部差距较大,东部和西部差距较小;在变化趋势方面,东、中、西部地区在旅行社业全要素生产率方面均得到很大的提高,其增长主要得益于三大地区在技术进步方面的突出表现,但在综合效率方面均表现出弱改善的趋势;从效率类型来看,双高类型的省份主要分布东部地区,其他3个类型主要分布在中西部地区,且中国各省旅行社业效率之间的差异呈现出缩小的趋势;从各省旅行社业效率的变化趋势来看,2003~2009年,大部分省份旅行社业综合效率保持增长的态势,少数省份处于下降的趋势,在旅行社业全要素生产率方面,除新疆外,其余省份全部保持增长的态势。

关键词: 数据包络分析, Malmquist指数, 旅行社业效率, 空间分异, 中国

Abstract:

By using data envelopment analysis method, this article analysed the efficiency characteristics and dynamic change of Chinese regional travel service industry during 2003-2009. The results showed that: 1) In the aspect of overall characteristics, the comprehensive efficiency of Chinese regional travel service industry presented a growing trend, the pure technical efficiency was the dominant factor of comprehensive efficiency changes, and the total factor productivity of Chinese regional travel service industry also manifested as a growing trend; 2) The comprehensive efficiencies of Chinese regional travel service industry in the eastern regions and western regions were higher than in central regions, and the gap between central and eastern as well as western regions was larger, and the gap between eastern and western regions was smaller. This was mostly because the proportion of the provinces above the national average level of the travel service industry in the middle was lower than those in the west and the east. Another factor was that the advantage of the efficiency in the middle could not make up the disadvantage in technique, which caused that the comprehensive efficiency in the middle was lower than the east and the west; 3) The total factor productivity of travel service industry in the eastern, central and western regions have been improved greatly, and the main growth thanked for the outstanding performance of technical progress in three areas, but the aspect of comprehensive efficiency showed weak improving trend; 4) From the types of efficiency, the provinces which show “high efficiency, high stability" were mainly in eastern regions, and the other types were mainly distributed in the Midwest regions; and 5) From the efficiency change trend on travel service industry of all provinces, the comprehensive efficiency in most province's travel service industry kept growing situation, a few provinces in a downward trend, and on the travel agency total factor productivity, in addition to Xinjiang, the rest all kept growth trend.

Key words: DEA, Malmquist index, efficiency of travel service industry, spatial differentiation, China

中图分类号:

F590.8

孙景荣, 张捷, 章锦河, 马金海, 李莉, 张富生. 中国区域旅行社业效率的空间分异研究[J]. 地理科学, 2014, 34(4): 430-437.

Jing-rong SUN, Jie ZHANG, Jin-he ZHANG, Jin-hai MA, Li LI, Fu-sheng ZHANG. Spatial Differentiation of Efficiency of Chinese Regional Travel Service Industry[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2014, 34(4): 430-437.

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变量	最小值	最大值	均值	标准差
旅行社数量（家）	33	1765	562	374
固定资产（万元）	4994.15	1346601.7	153968.27	224301.84
从业人数（人）	685	32837	9076	6553
营业收入（万元）	7659.82	3171065	429011.15	630096.9
接待人天数（人次）	165211	38785030	8074594.47	8137402.62
全员劳动生产率（万元/人）	7.68	169	36.07	27.33

	CE	PTE	SE	IRS	CRS	DRS
2003年	0.655	0.701	0.938	11	8	12
2004年	0.771	0.799	0.962	4	7	17
2005年	0.776	0.792	0.975	1	14	16
2006年	0.724	0.742	0.976	4	13	14
2007年	0.77	0.784	0.981	4	12	15
2008年	0.683	0.728	0.939	1	11	19
2009年	0.721	0.755	0.946	0	9	22
均值	0.729	0.757	0.96	4	10	17

地区	综合效率	纯技术效率	规模效率
东部	0.815	0.849	0.957
中部	0.579	0.595	0.97
西部	0.759	0.792	0.952

地区	综合效率变化指数	技术进步变化指数	纯技术效率变化指数	规模效率变化指数	全要素生产率变化指数
东部	1.033	1.074	1.018	1.015	1.109
中部	1.01	1.105	1.014	0.996	1.115
西部	1.014	1.078	1.022	0.992	1.093

	低效率	高效率
高稳定性	山东、天津、河南、湖北、甘肃、内蒙古、黑龙江	北京、上海、广东、江苏、浙江、海南、广西、湖南、云南、宁夏
低稳定性	河北、辽宁、福建、山西、吉林、江西、陕西、贵州、青海、新疆	安徽、重庆、四川、西藏