近10年来海南航空网络空间格局及演化研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2014.05.571

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以海航航空为研究对象,从企业尺度探讨其近10 a来的重组、收购和扩张对其航空网络空间结构及航空枢纽变迁的影响。研究发现：海南航空网络整体明显向北扩张,平均航距呈下降趋势;航班集中在少数通航城市和航线,但集聚趋势有所下降;并在中国全国和部分区域已基本形成了“轴-辐”模式为主、“点-点”模式为辅的空间结构,航空枢纽由海口、北京和西安转变为西安、北京和海口;首位联系度下降明显,进一步表明网络由集聚向均衡化发展。

关键词: 航空公司重组, 航空网络, 海南航空

Abstract:

To face the aviation market liberalization all over the world, Chinese government and airlines have prompted a series of strategies from the 1990s. Hainan Airline as one of the four biggest airlines in China, has reconstructed some small airlines from 1993, which largely reflects the interactions of national strategies and market patterns. Till to 2004, Hainan Airline has recombined Chang'an Airline, Xinhua Airline, Shaanxi Airline, and all these four airlines adopted “HU” as their flight signal and were called “four recombined airlines of Hainan”, which stands for the completing of the first stage of airlines recombined. In 2004-2012, Hainan Airline has restructured Tianjin Airline, Western Airline, Changjiang River Express Airlines and so on. Until 2012, Hainan Airline has owned 111 domestic nodes and 415 domestic airlines, compared to these in 2004, the nodes increased 33 and the airlines increased 97. The restructure of airlines leads to the expansion of Hainan airlines, while how these influence the structure of Hainan airline network is not clear. Therefore, this article will analyze the impacts of its reconstruction, acquisition and expansion on the aviation network structure and aviation hub of Hainan Airline for nearly 10 years. To have a clear understanding of the reconstruction pattern, the article studies the changes of the distribution of aircraft network and the flights they own. Through this study, we get several conclusions: Hainan Airline expends its network to north significantly, and the average flight distance has a downward trend; flights are concentrated in a few navigable cities and routes, but the gathering trend decline; the network presents two special patterns, which are “hub-spoke” and “point to point” patterns, while the aviation hubs changes from Beijing, Xi'an, Haikou to Beijing, Xi'an; the first contact of the network decreased significantly, which reflects the network tends to be balance.

Key words: airlines reorganization, air network, Hainan airline

中图分类号:

K902

焦敬娟, 王姣娥. 近10年来海南航空网络空间格局及演化研究[J]. 地理科学, 2014, 34(5): 571-579.

Jing-juan JIAO, Jiao-e WANG. Spatio-temporal Evolution of Hainan Airlines' Network in the Last Decade[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2014, 34(5): 571-579.

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区域	2004年			2012年
区域	通航机场（个）	通航率(%)	每亿人机场数（个）	通航机场（个）	通航率(%)	每亿人机场数（个）
中南机场群	18	81.8	4.5	19	70.4	4.3
北方机场群	24	88.9	8.7	31	68.9	11.7
华东机场群	14	37.8	4.3	24	61.5	6.6
西北机场群	15	68.2	12.4	24	75.0	23.8
西南机场群	7	24.1	3.6	15	46.9	8.3
总计	78	56.9	5.8	113	64.6	8.5

序号	2004年			2012年
序号	城市	往返航班（班次）	比重（%）	城市	往返航班（班次）	比重（%）
1	海口	1045	9.93	西安	1724	7.05
2	北京	1006	9.56	北京	1486	6.07
3	西安	828	7.87	海口	1068	4.37
4	广州	492	4.67	天津	1052	4.30
5	太原	398	3.78	呼和浩特	994	4.06
6	乌鲁木齐	394	3.74	重庆	984	4.02
7	深圳	365	3.47	乌鲁木齐	910	3.72
8	宁波	352	3.34	三亚	790	3.23
9	天津	327	3.11	武汉	744	3.04
10	银川	314	2.98	广州	718	2.93
	合计	5521	52.45	合计	10470	42.80

航线类型	航班变化量（班）	贡献率 (%)	航线类型	航班变化量（班）	贡献率 (%)
共有节点-共有节点	6639	95.26	新增航线	6066	87.04
共有节点-新增节点	1708	24.51	减少航线	-1976	28.35
共有节点-减少节点	-1272	-18.25	共有航线	2879	41.31
减少节点-减少节点	-106	-1.52
合计	6969	100	合计	6969	100