关键词: 资源经济, 环境成本, 生态系统服务, 生态负荷强度, 中国

Abstract:

With the fast development of the national economy, the ecological pressures caused by economic development are continuously increasing. So it is necessary to make quantitative analysis for the status of China's resource consumption in the course of economic development. In order to scientifically evaluate the service and support capacity provided by regional ecosystem for economic and social development, the theory of ecosystem services was introduced to evaluate quantitatively resource consumption and the green GDP. Based on above-calculated values, the model of the ecological load intensity was established. In this article, taking 31 provincial districts in China as the samples(Hongkong, Macau and Taiwan excluding), the values of resource consumption and environmental loss costs for all provincial districts were firstly calculated by using ecosystem service values according to the interrelated data from 2001 to 2012. The green GDP for all provincial districts was further gained by combining the annual values of GDP. Moreover, the ecological load intensity for all provincial districts from 2001 to 2012 was computed in China. On the basis of above-mentioned issues, the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis combined with GIS was used to study the temporal changing tendency and the spatial distributing characteristics of the ecological load intensity for all provincial districts since 2001. Furthermore, the spatial cluster and difference was analyzed and the corresponding influence factors were discussed. The above results showed that the values of resource consumption and environmental loss costs for all provincial districts were increasing yearly from ￥16.83×10¹² in 2001 to ￥25.24×10¹² in 2012. Meanwhile, the ecological load intensity for all provincial districts was decreasing yearly from 1.551 to 0.446. From 2001 to 2012 the ecological load intensity existed some spatial cluster and difference, however, the spatial cluster was appearing a weakening tendency with the time. The distribution of the ecological load intensity had a positive correlation characteristics, which meant that there existed a spatial cluster feature. The regions with HH (high-high) correlation pattern were mainly located in the west where resources were relatively rich. The regions with LL (low-low) correlation pattern were mainly located in the east where the economy was relatively developed. The spatial difference of the ecological load intensity exhibited mainly in the middle regions which had a negative correlation characteristics with circumjacent regions. The regions with negative correlation pattern had been increasing to 11. The ecological load intensity in these regions had an obvious diffusing tendency and ecological benefits were spilling over toward surrounding regions. In the future, it is still necessary to continuously advance and promote functional region programming, adjust area industry structure, check the performance of regional government, and so on. Some measures should be taken to gradually enhance utilization efficiency of resources, lower environmental loss costs and improve economic development quality.

Key words: resource economics, environmental costs, ecosystem services, the ecological load intensity, China