海岸新月形沙丘移动与形态变化的典型研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2014.07.863

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

依据2006~2008年连续3 a共9次采用RTK GPS技术与测量方法对一个典型海岸新月形沙丘形态的高精度测量数据,分析了海岸新月形沙丘的移动方向、方式、速度以及形态变化特点。结果表明,海岸新月形沙丘具有缓慢、向陆往复式前进的移动特点,形态变化则具有随季节增减变化中高度、宽度、长度、断面面积与体积增加的加积特征,究其原因是区域风况、海岸地表覆被、沙丘形态及人类活动等共同作用的结果。

关键词: 海岸新月形沙丘, 移动, 形态变化, 河北昌黎海岸

Abstract:

A typical coastal crescent dune, located at Feicui island region of Changli Gold Coast in Hebei Province, which is one of the most typical coastal aeolian landform distribution regions in China, was chosen to study the movement and topographic change of coastal crescent dune by use of high-precision RTK GPS measurement technology during 2006 and 2008. The surveying results show that the movement of coastal crescent dune displays the characteristics of slow advancement toward inland in the way of to-and-fro. In 2006-2008, the leeward slope bottom of the coastal crescent dune moved landward with an average speed of 2.80 m/a. The topographic change represents the characteristics of increasing in height, width, length, cross-section area and volume of the coastal crescent dune with seasonal variations. Compared the last surveying with the first time, the height of coastal crescent dune top increased 1.01 m, the width increased 2.30 m, the length increased 9.51 m, the base area increased 2 236.14 m², the area of three transverse sections increased averagely 117.82 m² and the volume of the coastal crescent dune increased by 46 830.0 m³. As a result of different interaction among wind condition, coastal land cover, the height and volume of costal dunes and the human activities in research region, the movement direction, type and velocity of the coastal crescent dune as well as the characteristics of topographic change are different from those of the other regions and other coastal aeolian dunes.

Key words: coastal crescent dune, movement, topographic change, Changli coast in Hebei Province

中图分类号:

P931.3

董玉祥, 黄德全. 海岸新月形沙丘移动与形态变化的典型研究[J]. 地理科学, 2014, 34(7): 863-869.

Yu-xiang DONG, De-quan HUANG. Typical Research on the Movement and Topographic Change of Coastal Crescent Dune[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2014, 34(7): 863-869.

图/表 6

表1

图1

表2

图2

表3

表4

参考文献 38

[1]	吴正. 风沙地貌与治沙工程学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:181~195.
[2]	Nordstorm K F,Psuty N P,Carter R W G.Coastal dunes:form and process[M]. Chichester:Wiley,1990:1-389.
[3]	Girardi J D,Davis D M.Parabolic dune reactivation and migration at Napeague,NY,USA: insights from aerial and GPR imagery[J].Geomorphology,2010,114(4):530-541.
[4]	Delgado-Fernandez I,Davidson-Arnottt R,Ollerhead J.Application of a rremote sensing technique to the study of coastal dunes[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2009,25(5):1160-1167.
[5]	Mitasova H,Drake T G,Bernstein D,et al.Quantifying rapid changes in coastal topography using modern mapping techniques and geographic information system[J].Environmental & Engineering Geoscience,2004,10(1):1-11.
[6]	Junaidi Aoki S.Wind-Blown sand and topographic changes of the coastal dune at the eroded beach[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2009,S56(part1):322-326.
[7]	Borowka R K.Present day dune processes and dune morphology on the Leba Barrier,Polish coast of the Baltic[J]. Geografiska Annaler,1980,62(A):75-82.
[8]	Koprowski M,Winchester V,Zielski A.Tree reactions and dune movements: Slowinski National Park,Poland[J]. Catena,2010,81(1):55-65.
[9]	Jimenez J A,Maia L P,Serra J,et al.Aeolian dune migration along the Ceara coast,north-eastern Brazil[J].Sedimentology,1999,46(4):689-701.
[10]	Hesp P,de Castilhos J A,da Silva G M,et al.Regional wind fields and dunefield migration, southern Brazil[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2007,32(4):561-573.
[11]	del Valle H F,Rostagno C M,Coronato F R,et al.Sand dune activity in north-eastern Patagonia[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2008,72(4):411-422.
[12]	Gay S P.Observations regarding the movement of barchan sand dunes in the Nazca to Tanaca area of southern Peru[J].Geomorphology,1999,27(3-4):279-293.
[13]	Marin L,Forman S L,Valdez A,et al.Twentieth century dune migration at the great sand dunes national park and preserve, Colorado, relation to drought variability[J].Geomorphology,2005,70(1-2):163-183.
[14]	Bailey S D,Bristow C S.Migration of parabolic dunes at Aberffraw,Anglesey,north Wales[J].Geomorphology,2004,59(1-4):165-174.
[15]	Rhew H S,Rhew H S.Pattern of aeolian sand transport and morphological change in the foredune ridge,Shindu dunefield, Korea:a case study during the winter,December 2000 to March 2001[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2009,25(4):1015-1024.
[16]	Pye K.Morphological development of coastal dunes in a humid tropical environment,Cape Bedford and Cape Flattery,North Queensland[J].Geografiska Annaler,1982,64A(3/4):213-227.
[17]	Tsoar H,Blumberg D G.Formation of parabolic dunes from barchan and transverse dunes along Israel's Mediterranean coast[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2002,27(11):1147-1161.
[18]	Momiji H,Nishimori H,Bishop S R.On the shape and migration speed of a proto-dune[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2002,27(12):1335-1338.
[19]	刘振兴. 关于风沙问题的研究:(1)在风力作用下沙丘移动规律性的初步研究[J].气象学报,1960,31(1):84~91.
[20]	朱震达. 风力作用下沙丘演变动态过程中若干问题的初步研究[地理集刊(第5号)][M].北京:科学出版社,1963:58~78.
[21]	朱震达,郭恒文,吴功成.塔克拉玛干沙漠西南地区绿洲附近沙丘移动的研究[J].地理学报,1964,30(1):35~50.
[22]	朱震达,陈治平,吴正,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠风沙地貌研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1981:1~110.
[23]	哈斯. 腾格里沙漠东南缘沙丘形态示量特征及其影响因素[J].中国沙漠,1995,15(2):136~142.
[24]	董治宝,陈广庭,颜长珍,等.塔里木沙漠石油公路沿线沙丘移动规律[J].中国沙漠,1998,18(4):328~333.
[25]	Dong Z B,Wang X M,Chen G T.Monitoring sand dune advance in the Taklimakan Desert[J].Geomorphology,2000,35(3-4):219-231.
[26]	吴正,黄山,胡守真,等.华南海岸风沙地貌研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1995:1~146.
[27]	傅启龙,沙庆安.昌黎海岸风成沙丘的形态与沉积构造特征及其成因初探[J].沉积学报,1994,12(1):98~105.
[28]	张文开,李祖光.福建长乐海岸沙丘形成发育及其区域分布特征[J].中国沙漠,1995,15(1):31~36.
[29]	傅命佐,徐孝诗,徐小薇.黄、渤海海岸风沙地貌类型及其分布规律和发育模式[J].海洋与湖沼,1997,28(1):56~65.
[30]	董玉祥,马骏,黄德全.河北昌黎黄金海岸横向沙脊表面的粒度分布模式[J].地理研究,2008,27(4):725~733.
[31]	董玉祥,P A Hesp,S L Namikas,等.海岸横向沙脊表面风沙流结构的野外观测研究[J].地理科学,2008,28(4):507~512.
[32]	董玉祥,S L Namikas,P A Hesp.海岸风沙流中不同粒径组沙粒的垂向分布模式[J].地理研究,2009,28(5):1179~1187.
[33]	Dong Yuxiang,S L Namikas,P A Hesp,et al.Field Measurements of Influence of Sand Transport Rate on the Structure of Wind-sand Flow over Coastal Transverse Ridge[J].Chinese Geographical Science,2008,18(3): 255~261.
[34]	黄德全,董玉祥,哈斯,等.海岸横向沙脊的移动与形态变化——以河北昌黎黄金海岸横向沙脊为例[J].地理研究,2011,30(12):2229~2238.
[35]	胡镜荣,顾建清.自然保护区可持续发展概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1996:76~81.
[36]	范航清. 广西海岸沙滩红树林的生态研究I:海岸沙丘移动及其对白骨壤的危害[J].广西科学,1996,3(1): 44~48.
[37]	董玉祥. 中国海岸风沙地貌的类型及其分布规律[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2006,26(4):99~104.
[38]	黄德全,董玉祥,马骏,等.多站差分RTKGPS技术在海岸风沙观测中的应用[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2007,46(4):121.

月份	降水量（mm）	平均风速(m/s)	大风日数（d）	最多、次多风向	最大风速方向	最大风速(m/s)
1	4.1	3.0	0.6	WSW	NE	14
2	7.2	3.1	0.6	WSW	NE	15
3	8.9	3.4	1.0	WSW	ENE	18
4	24.3	3.8	1.8	WSW	E	16
5	46.1	3.4	1.1	WSW	E	18
6	98.0	2.7	0.8	NE,WSW	NNW	16
7	248.1	2.2	0.4	NE	ENE	17
8	196.7	1.9	0.4	NE	WNW	20
9	54.2	2.2	0.0	WSW	NNE,ENE,W,WNW,NNW	10
10	30.7	2.7	0.3	WSW	NNE,ENE,W,WNW	12
11	9.3	3.0	0.6	WSW	W	13
12	5.0	3.0	5.6	WSW	NW	18
年	732.7	2.9	8.2	WSW	ENE	13

测量时间	2006-01-18	2006-04-14	2006-11-12	2007-01-30	2007-04-01	2007-11-06	2008-04-18	2008-08-09	2008-12-14
测量时间	相对于前次测量的位置变化（向陆往背风坡方向为+、向海往迎风坡方向为-）
S1	0.00	+2.10	-1.79	+0.69	+4.41	-0.29	-7.81	-0.21	-10.03
S2	0.00	+1.40	-2.72	-2.54	+3.31	-0.10	+6.41	+0.38	+7.54
S3	0.00	+0.42	-2.72	-1.32	+5.53	-0.19	+2.58	-0.20	-6.01
D	0.00	+1.97	-1.93	-5.20	+5.49	-4.62	+0.83	+6.83	-10.42
E	0.00	-5.16	-13.05	+5.90	+2.60	-9.01	-8.73	+12.72	+15.08
J1	0.00	+2.05	+1.75	+2.02	-0.06	+2.93	+0.85	+0.49	+0.33
J2	0.00	+4.36	+0.15	-0.11	+0.17	+4.41	-2.89	+4.92	-2.68
J3	0.00	+6.12	-0.19	+0.82	-0.68	+1.87	+0.06	+2.84	-0.15
测量时间	2006-01-18	2006-04-14	2006-11-12	2007-01-30	2007-04-01	2007-11-06	2008-04-18	2008-08-09	2008-12-14
测量时间	相对于首次测量的位置变化（向陆往背风坡方向为+、向海往迎风坡方向为-）
S1	0.00	+2.10	+0.31	+0.99	+5.40	+5.11	-2.71	-2.91	+7.12
S2	0.00	+1.40	-1.32	-1.21	+2.10	+1.99	-4.41	-4.04	+3.50
S3	0.00	+0.42	-2.30	-3.62	+1.91	+1.72	+4.31	+4.11	-1.91
D	0.00	+1.97	+2.54	-4.63	+2.26	-2.57	-3.42	+8.14	-5.77
E	0.00	-5.16	-14.68	-9.16	-11.72	-8.02	-15.03	-11.67	-7.92
J1	0.00	+2.05	+3.80	+1.69	+1.58	+4.51	+5.36	+5.85	+6.18
J2	0.00	+4.34	+4.48	+4.37	+4.54	+8.95	+6.06	+10.98	+8.30
J3	0.00	+6.12	+5.92	+6.79	+6.06	+7.93	+7.99	+10.83	+10.68

形态变化	丘顶高度与变化			长度及其变化			宽度及其变化
形态变化	新月形沙丘丘顶的相对高度	相对前次测量的高度变化	相对首次测量的高度变化	新月形沙丘的长度	相对前次测量的长度变化	相对首次测量的长度变化	新月形沙丘两翼间的距离	相对前次测量的宽度变化	相对首次测量的宽度变化
2006-01-18	12.31	0.00	0.00	140.18	0.00	0.00	267.84	0.00	0.00
2006-04-14	12.57	0.26	0.26	140.80	0.62	0.62	266.91	-0.93	-0.93
2006-11-12	12.51	-0.06	0.20	139.50	-1.30	-0.68	265.98	-0.93	-1.86
2007-01-30	13.42	0.91	1.11	143.86	4.36	3.68	271.40	5.42	3.56
2007-04-01	12.59	-0.83	0.28	132.66	-11.20	-7.52	262.48	-8.92	-5.36
2007-11-06	11.88	-0.71	-0.43	142.29	9.63	2.11	256.64	-5.84	-11.20
2008-04-18	12.65	0.77	0.34	143.86	1.57	3.68	270.27	13.63	2.43
2008-08-09	12.49	-0.16	0.18	143.62	-0.24	3.44	264.99	-5.28	-2.85
2008-12-14	13.32	0.83	1.01	142.48	-1.14	2.30	277.35	12.36	9.51

测量时间	2006-01-18	2006-04-14	2006-11-12	2007-01-30	2007-04-01	2007-11-06	2008-04-18	2008-08-09	2008-12-14
测量时间	相对于前次测量值的变化（+表示增加、-表示减少）
底部面积（m²）	0.00	+736.41	+160.08	+555.96	+1436.16	-698.56	+229.25	+304.90	-488.06
横断面1（m²）	0.00	-35.70	+54.26	+75.02	-36.02	+4.47	-3.58	-69.14	+58.81
横断面2（m²）	0.00	-12.93	+48.90	+44.88	+58.74	-40.15	+17.29	+13.87	+23.45
横断面3（m²）	0.00	-9.82	+44.21	+106.98	-20.34	-20.11	-8.93	+2.56	+56.72
沙丘体积（m³）	0.0	-8522.6	+27217.8	+49579.8	+32488.0	-4350.9	-5435.8	-1668.6	-42477.7
测量时间	2006-01-18	2006-04-14	2006-11-12	2007-01-30	2007-04-01	2007-11-06	2008-04-18	2008-08-09	2008-12-14
测量时间	相对于首次测量值的变化（+表示增加、-表示减少）
底部面积（m²）	0.00	+736.41	+896.49	+1452.45	+2888.61	+2190.05	+2 419.30	+2724.20	+2236.14
横断面1（m²）	0.00	-35.69	+18.56	+93.56	+57.56	+62.03	+58.44	-10.69	+48.12
横断面2（m²）	0.00	-12.92	+35.98	+80.86	+139.60	+99.46	+116.74	+130.61	+154.06
横断面3（m²）	0.00	-9.82	+34.38	+141.36	+121.03	+100.92	+91.99	+94.55	+151.27
沙丘体积（m³）	0.0	-8522.6	+18695.2	+68275.0	+100763.0	+96412.1	+90976.3	+89307.7	+46830.0