地理科学 ›› 2014, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (8): 963-970.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2014.08.963

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城镇化进程中乌鲁木齐市少数民族农民工空间分布及生存状态研究

董晔1,2(), 安瓦尔·买买提明1,2   

  1. 1.新疆师范大学 地理科学与旅游学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830054
    2. 新疆师范大学 新疆城镇化发展研究中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830054
  • 收稿日期:2013-07-05 修回日期:2014-01-06 出版日期:2014-08-10 发布日期:2014-08-10
  • 作者简介:

    作者简介:董 晔(1974-),女(蒙古族),内蒙古呼和浩特人,博士,副教授,主要从事区域经济与城镇化发展研究。E-mail: xj.dongye@163.com

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41261036)、新疆高校科研计划研究重点项目(XJEDU2014I025)、新疆师范大学博士科研基金(XJNUBS1222)和新疆师范大学城镇化发展中心招标项目(XJCSFZ201204)资助

Ye DONG1,2(), Maimaitiming ANWAER1,2   

  1. 1.College of Geography Science and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China
    2.Research Center for Urban Development of Xinjiang, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China
  • Received:2013-07-05 Revised:2014-01-06 Online:2014-08-10 Published:2014-08-10

摘要:

随着城市化进程的不断推进,农民工一方面成为城市建设的主力军,另一方面也成为城市中的弱势群体,需要引起社会和政府的关注,新疆少数民族农民工既有农民工的共性,又有其个性。通过对新疆乌鲁木齐市雅玛里克山、黑甲山、赛马场、二道桥-南门、南郊客运站5个少数民族聚居社区进行实地调研,深入了解少数民族农民工的生活空间分布和就业、收入、生活环境、住房、子女教育、社会保障、民族关系等现状,研究表明乌鲁木齐市少数民族农民工生活空间具有城中村指向性;最迫切的生存问题有文化程度低,劳动技能缺乏,家庭收入低;缺乏汉语交流能力,就业面窄;住房狭小,周围环境差;子女多,教育缺失等;根据目前生存所面临的问题,提出加强少数民族农民工的职业技能培训,完善社会保障体系与基层管理,改善城乡结合部基础设施建设与环境整治等政策建议。

关键词: 城镇化, 少数民族农民工, 生存状况, 空间分布, 乌鲁木齐

Abstract:

Abstract: With the advancement of urbanization, migrant workers have become the main force of city construction. But on the other hand, they also become vulnerable groups in the city, and should be paid close attention by society and government. In the article, questionnaires, in-depth interviews, direct observation are employed to conduct the research in five typical areas inhabited by ethnic minorities: Yamalike Hill, Heijia Hill, Saimachang Area, Erdaoqiao-Nanmen business district, and the Southern Suburbs Passenger Transport Terminal. The status quo of the ethnic minority migrant workers, including spatial distribution, employment, income, living environment, housing, children education, social security, ethnic relations, were learned in-depth. It was found that spatial distribution of ethnic minority migrant workers was suburb-orientate with four main sections and one sub-section. The former refers to Yamalike Hill, Heijia Hill, Saimachang Area, Erdaoqiao--Nanmen business district, the latter refers to the Southern Suburb Terminal Area. On the one hand, every area enjoys a heterogeneity from others; on the other hand, the five areas witness a great gap from the main area of Urumqi City in teams of community environment and infrastructure. The most pressing survival problems of the ethnic minority migrant workers in Urumqi were explored, including poor educational background, lack of labor skills, low incomes, poor communicating ability in Chinese, narrow employment scope, small houses, poor environment, more children and lack of education, etc. According to these problems, the countermeasures and suggestions for future development were put forward, including enhancing professional skills training, improving the social insurance system and management on grassroots level, improving the construction of infrastructure and renovation of environment in the area between town and country.

Key words: urbanization, ethnic minority migrant workers, living conditions, spatial distribution, Urumqi

中图分类号: 

  • F061.5