吉林东部山地沼泽湿地土壤碳、氮、磷含量及其生态化学计量学特征

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2014.08.994

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

湿地土壤有机碳、氮和磷含量变化显著影响着湿地生态系统的生产力。为阐明吉林东部山地沼泽湿地土壤养分的空间分布特征,以吉林省敦化市4种典型山地沼泽湿地：落叶松-苔草湿地(T1)、莎草湿地(T2)、小叶章-甜茅湿地(T3)和沼泽化草甸湿地(T4)为研究对象,研究了土壤有机碳、全氮和全磷含量及其化学计量比的空间分布特征及影响因素。结果表明：4种山地沼泽湿地类型土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷含量均值分别为343.11 mg/g、28.03 mg/g和4.00 mg/g,变异系数为有机碳(9.26%)<全氮(16.52%)<全磷(48.64%)。在0~40 cm土层内, T1、T2和T3土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷含量随土壤深度的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势,在10~20 cm土层出现累积峰; T4土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷含量随土壤深度的增加而减少。土壤有机碳、全氮含量的变化趋势为T1<T2<T4<T3。4种湿地类型中土壤有机碳与全氮、有机碳与全磷、全氮与全磷之间均表现出了不同的线性拟合关系,总体而言,土壤全磷的变化滞后于有机碳和全氮。土壤全磷、C/N、C/P、N/P其变化趋势均表现为T1<T2<T3<T4。相关性分析表明,土壤含水量是影响4种湿地类型土壤C/P和N/P值的关键影响因子,而土壤C/N并没有受到其它因子的显著影响。

关键词: 土壤有机碳, 全氮, 全磷, 山地沼泽, 生态化学计量学特征

Abstract:

：Wetland soil organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content significantly affect the productivity of ecosystem. To clarify spatial distribution characteristics of soil nutrients in mountain swamps located in eastern part of Jilin province, four typical swamps (Larix-carex swamp (T1), Scyperus dulourii swamp (T2), Calamagrastis angustifolia-glyceria acutiflora swamp (T3) and Paludification meadows (T4)) were selected in Dunhua city. In these swamps, we analyzed the spatical distribution characteristic of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) content and theirs stoichiometric ratios and influencing factors. The average contents of SOC, TN and TP in the four swamp types were 343.11 mg/g, 28.03 mg/g and 4.00 mg/g, and the trends of variation coefficient were SOC (9.26%) < TN (16.52%) < TP (48.64%). The profile change trend of SOC, TN, TP contents presented an ‘increased-decreased’ unimodal curve during 0-40 cm soil layer and the peak values existed in 10-20 cm soil layer under T1, T2 and T3. While the contents of SOC, TN and TP under T4 decreased coupling with soil depth. In the study area, the change trends of SOC and TN contents were as follows: T1<T2<T4<T3. Linear relationship about SOC and TN, SOC and TP, TN and TP existed in the four typical swamps, and the change of TP lagged behind SOC and TN. The trends of TP content and the ratio of C/N, C/P and N/P under the four typical swamps were as follows: T1<T2<T3<T4. Correlation analysis showed that soil moisture content was the key influencing factor which caused the changes of C/P and N/P ratio in the four typical swamps. However, C/N ratio was not significantly affected by other environmental factors.

Key words: soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, mountain swamp, ecological stoichiometry characteristics

中图分类号:

X171

肖烨, 商丽娜, 黄志刚, 张文广, 薛振山, 张仲胜, 吕宪国. 吉林东部山地沼泽湿地土壤碳、氮、磷含量及其生态化学计量学特征[J]. 地理科学, 2014, 34(8): 994-1001.

Ye XIAO, Li-na SHANG, Zhi-gang HUANG, Wen-guang ZHANG, Zheng-shan XUE, Zhong-sheng ZHANG, Xian-guo LU. Ecological Stoichiometry Characteristics of Soil Carbon,Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Mountain Swamps of Eastern Jilin Province[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2014, 34(8): 994-1001.

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湿地类型	海拔高度(m)	pH	土壤质量含水量(%)	盐度(ms/cm)	土壤容重(g/cm³)
落叶松-苔草湿地(T1)	583	5.88±0.10	110.8±7.2	0.15±0.02	1.09±0.16
莎草湿地(T2)	561	5.43±0.12	180.2±2.1	0.14±0.03	1.18±0.18
小叶章-甜茅湿地(T3)	541	5.44±0.11	157.5±7.3	0.08±0.01	1.14±0.45
沼泽化草甸湿地(T4)	532	6.09±0.09	126.3±11.2	0.09±0.04	1.24±0.31

湿地类型	有机碳SOC			全氮TN				全磷TP
湿地类型	平均值 (mg/g)		标准差	变异系数 (%)	平均值 (mg/g)	标准差	变异系数(%)	平均值 (mg/g)	标准差	变异系数(%)
T1	368.78a	22.26	6.03	33.64a	1.54	4.59		6.31a	0.32	5.10
T2	353.55a	22.76	6.44	29.31ab	3.64	12.31		4.72b	0.37	7.86
T3	313.50a	25.83	8.24	23.40c	3.13	13.38		3.70c	0.06	1.52
T4	348.15a	20.04	5.76	25.34bc	1.45	5.63		1.21d	0.20	16.48

湿地类型	C/N			C/P				N/P
湿地类型	变化范围		平均值	变异系数(%)	变化范围	平均值	变异系数(%)	变化范围	平均值	变异系数(%)
T1	10.6~11.3	11.0±0.3a	2.9	53.0~61.8	58.4±4.8b	8.2		4.8~5.7	5.3±0.5b	8.6
T2	10.7~13.7	12.0±1.5a	12.8	63.9~82.8	74.9±10.1b	13.4		6.0~6.8	6.2±0.5b	7.5
T3	12.9~14.4	13.4±0.8a	5.9	76.0~90.1	84.7±7.1b	8.5		5.3~6.9	6.3±0.8b	13.3
T4	13.2~14.4	13.7±0.6a	4.5	231.1~323.2	287.7±53.1a	18.7		16.0~24.6	20.9±4.2a	19.6

湿地类型	指标	C	N	P	pH	土壤盐度	土壤含水量	土壤容重
落叶松-苔草	C/N			0.609	-0.911	0.985^*	0.934	-0.39
	C/P		0.946		-0.823	0.992^**	0.977^*	-0.549
	N/P	0.891			-0.742	0.968^*	0.995^**	-0.659
莎草	C/N			0.332	-0.786	0.663	0.897	-0.681
	C/P		0.854		-0.844	0.931	0.752	-0.919
	N/P	0.405			-0.681	0.953^*	0.256	-0.882
小叶章-甜茅	C/N			0.889	-0.788	0.967^*	0.817	0.963^*
	C/P		0.891		-0.495	0.798	0.631	0.953^*
	N/P	-0.674			0.974^*	-0.983^*	-0.913	-0.817
沼泽化草甸	C/N			-0.970*	0.965^*	-0.945	-0.857	0.709
	C/P		0.988*		-0.990^*	0.930	0.951^*	-0.848
	N/P	0.998^**			-0.992^**	0.946	0.932	-0.818
4种湿地类型综合分析	C/N			-0.029	-0.095	0.322	0.369	0.342
	C/P		0.544^*		0.144	0.196	0.573^*	-0.040
	N/P	0.490			0.127	0.143	0.519^*	-0.176