地理科学

地理科学 ›› 2015, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 204-210.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2015.02.204

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

长沙市农村居民点景观格局变化及地域分异特征研究

谭雪兰1,2, 周国华1, 朱苏晖2, 欧聪2   

  1. 1. 湖南师范大学资源与环境学院, 湖南长沙410008;
    2. 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 湖南长沙410128
  • 收稿日期:2014-01-25 修回日期:2014-04-07 出版日期:2015-02-20 发布日期:2015-02-20
  • 通讯作者: 周国华,教授.E-mail:uuy128@163.com E-mail:uuy128@163.com
  • 作者简介:谭雪兰(1978-),女,湖南株洲人,副教授,博士,硕士生导师,主要研究方向为农村聚落地理、土地利用与规划.E-mail:txl780120@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(41201175);湖南省科技厅软科学研究计划项目(2012ZK3147);湖南省哲学社会科学基金项目(14YBA209);湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(11C0648);2014 年湖南农业大学大学生创新性实验计划项目资助.

Landscape Pattern Changes and the Characteristic of Spatio-temporal Differentiation of Rural Residential Area in Changsha in Recent 20 Years

TAN Xue-lan1,2, ZHOU Guo-hua1, ZHU Su-hui2, OU Cong2   

  1. 1. Department of Resources and Environment Science, Hunan Normal University, Changcha, Hunan 410008, China;
    2. College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
  • Received:2014-01-25 Revised:2014-04-07 Online:2015-02-20 Published:2015-02-20

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摘要：

以1989年、1999年和2009年3期Landsat TM影像及2005年的土地利用现状图为数据源,结合野外实地调查,应用GIS 空间分析、重心迁移定量模型和景观生态学方法,对长沙市1989~2009 年农村居民点的用地面积、规模、空间分布、形状的动态变化过程及地域分异特征进行了研究.研究结果表明: ① 20 a 来农村居民点总面积及斑块平均规模不断扩大,农村居民点空间分布日趋集中和密集,斑块形状不断向完整与规则转变;② 农村居民点空间布局地域分异特征明显,在平均斑块面积、斑块密度等指标方面平原区、丘岗区与山区之间存在着显著差异;③ 20 a来,长沙市农村居民点的空间分布重心由西向东迁移,迁移距离为6.62 km.

关键词: 农村居民点, 动态变化, 地域分异, 景观格局, 长沙市

Abstract:

In recent years, land supply and demand contradiction is increasingly outstanding in China. The landbase of rural residential area is experiencing a reverse development trend of "population decrease but land increase". The main reason is that rural residential area has been in a disordered development state with a chaotic layout for a long time in last years. So it is important to grasp the spatial pattern changes rule of rural residential area during rural residential land development planning. Based on the thematic maps of Land-use map in 2005 and TM images of 1989,1999 and 2009,and by integrating field survey and the method of GIS statistical software,offset of center gravity model and landscape ecology, the landscape pattern of rural residential area in Changsha from 1989 to 2009 is analyzed. In the recent 20 years,the class area(CA) of residential area in Changsha increase constantly, and the net increase is 2.52×104hm2. The number of patches(NP)increases from 197 867 to 206 289,the largest patch index(LPI) increase from 0.001 in 1989 to 0.004 in 2009.Furthermore,the mean patch size (MPS) increase from 0.425 to 0.531, the patch density (PD) take on an increase trend, which was 0.167/km2 in 1989 while 0.174/km2 in 2009.The face margin ratio(AP) increase from 1.546 to 1.676, while fractal dimension(D) reduce from 1.679 to 1.672. The study finds that the landscape pattern of rural residential area has changed a lot from 1989 to 2009, the scale, number and acreage of the rural residential area increased, the landscape distribution of rural residential area is centralized and densified, and the landscape shape of rural residential area has obvious change with an anomalistic developing state existed. The characteristics of spatio-temporal differentiation of rural residential area are obvious, the scale, number, density and acreage of rural residential area in plain area are better than that of hilly and mountainous area. The center of Gravity of rural residential area offset 6.62 km from west to east in Changsha from 1989 to 2009. The quantitative analysis of landscape ecology can explain well the landscape pattern of rural residential area and provide useful information for studies of the small town construction, and for land trim and land intensive use.

Key words: rural residential area, landscape pattern, spatio-temporal differentiation, Changsha, dynamic change

中图分类号: 

  • F301.2