中国草原区植被变化及其对气候变化的响应

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2015.05.622

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用1982~2006年GIMMS NDVI和气象数据,探究中国草原区植被变化及对气候的响应。结果表明,近25 a中国草原区植被覆盖总体呈上升趋势,但季节变化空间差异明显。春季温度对温带典型草原、高寒草甸草原和高寒典型草原植被生长有重要影响,而夏季和秋季温度同样对高寒草甸草原影响显著;夏季降水增多能明显促进夏季温带荒漠草原植被生长。除8月份以外,温带草原5~9月NDVI均与前一个月降水显著正相关;在生长季内,高寒草原NDVI与同期温度显著正相关,但8月份除外。此外高寒草原植被在生长最旺盛时期对降水变化存在1~3个月滞后期。

关键词: 草原区, 植被生长, NDVI, 气象因子, 时滞性

Abstract:

This study analyzed the variation trend of vegetation NDVI and its response to climate change in grassland region of China by employing MODIS NDVI and meteorological data from1982 to 2006. Trend analysis, correlation analysis and spatial statistical analysis were carried out to investigate variation characteristics and spatial distribution pattern of vegetation NDVI, and analyze the relations between vegetation NDVI and meteorological factors. For temperate grassland region of China, growing season NDVI decreased gradually from northeast to southwest, and the grassland types from northeast to southwest are temperate meadow, temperate typical grassland and temperate desert grassland. For alpine grassland region of China, growing season NDVI was smaller overall than that of temperate grassland region, and it decreased on the whole from east to west, with the largest values concentrating in the east alpine meadow grassland. The results indicated that growing season NDVI increased on the whole in recent 25 years, but the spatial differences of seasonal changes were obvious. The largest increase of monthly NDVI occurred in August for temperate grassland region and in July for alpine grassland region. In the aspect of climate change, temperature showed obvious increase trend in the whole grassland region of China, while precipitation changes were not significant. For temperate grassland, spring temperature played an important impact on the vegetation growth of temperate typical grassland. The increase of summer precipitation could obviously promote the vegetation growth of temperate desert grassland. Monthly correlation analyses results showed that temperate grassland vegetation NDVI was significantly positively correlated with temperature in April, and May NDVI was significantly positively correlated with temperature in March and April. By contrast, the increase of June temperature could inhibit the growth of temperate grassland plants during the same period. In terms of precipitation, temperate grassland vegetation NDVI was significantly positively correlated with the previous month's precipitation (except August). April NDVI was significantly negatively correlated with precipitation in February, indicating that the low temperature in February could limit the growth of temperate grassland at the beginning of the growing season. Precipitation in June and July was significant for temperate grassland vegetation growth during the same time period, and the effect of August precipitation on vegetation growth was remarkable in September and October. For alpine grassland, spring temperature played an important impact on the vegetation growth of alpine meadow grassland and alpine typical grassland; summer and autumn temperatures had significant effect on alpine meadow grassland vegetation growth. Monthly correlation analyses results showed that monthly (April to October ) alpine grassland vegetation NDVI was significantly positively related to the air temperature during the same time period (except August), and temperature in August could affect alpine grassland vegetation growth in September. In addition, during the most vigorous growth period, alpine grassland vegetation had a time lag of 1-3 months for precipitation.

Key words: grassland region, NDVI, meteorological factors, time lag

中图分类号:

TP79

神祥金, 周道玮, 李飞, 张海艳. 中国草原区植被变化及其对气候变化的响应[J]. 地理科学, 2015, 35(5): 622-629.

Xiang-jin SHEN, Dao-wei ZHOU, Fei LI, Hai-yan ZHANG. Vegetation Change and Its Response to Climate Change in Grassland Region of China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2015, 35(5): 622-629.

图/表 8

图1

图2

图3

表1

图4

表2

图5

表3

参考文献 19

[1]	李晓兵,陈云浩,张云霞,等.气候变化对中国北方荒漠草原植被的影响[J].地球科学进展,2002,17(2): 254~261. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-8166.2002.02.015
[2]	郑玉坤. 多时相AVHRR-NDVI数据的时间序列分析及其在土地覆盖分类中的应用[D].北京:中国科学院遥感应用研究所,2002.
[3]	Ding M,Zhang Y,Liu L,et al.The relationship between NDVI and precipitation on the Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2007,17(3):259-268. doi: 10.1007/s11442-007-0259-7
[4]	Zavaleta E S,Shaw M R,Chiariello N R,et al.Grassland responses to three years of elevated temperature,CO2,precipitation,and N deposition[J]. Ecological Monographs,2003,73(4):585-604. doi: 10.1890/02-4053
[5]	Piao S,Mohammat A,Fang J,et al.NDVI-based increase in growth of temperate grasslands and its responses to climate changes in China[J].Global Environmental Change,2006,16(4):340-348. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.02.002
[6]	毛德华,王宗明,韩佶兴,等.1982~2010 年中国东北地区植被 NPP 时空格局及驱动因子分析[J].地理科学,2012,32(9):1106~1111.
[7]	于伯华,吕昌河,吕婷婷,等.青藏高原植被覆盖变化的地域分异特征[J].地理科学进展,2009,28(3): 391~397. doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2009.03.010
[8]	包刚,包玉海,覃志豪,等.近10年蒙古高原植被覆盖变化及其对气候的季节响应[J].地理科学,2013,33(5): 613~621.
[9]	许旭,李晓兵,梁涵玮,等.内蒙古温带草原区植被盖度变化及其与气象因子的关系[J].生态学报,2010,30(14):3733~3743.
[10]	Wang Z,Song K,Zhang B,et al.Shrinkage and fragmentation of grasslands in the West Songnen Plain,China[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems & Environment,2009,129(1):315-324. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2008.10.009
[11]	张戈丽,徐兴良,周才平,等.近30 年来呼伦贝尔地区草地植被变化对气候变化的响应[J].地理学报,2011,66(1):47~58.
[12]	张清雨,赵东升,吴绍洪,等.基于生态分区的内蒙古地区植被覆盖变化及其影响因素研究[J].地理科学,2013, 33(5):594~601.
[13]	Piao S L,Fang J Y,Zhou L M,et al.Interannual variations of monthly and seasonal normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in China from 1982 to 1999[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2003,108(D14):4401. doi: 10.1029/2002JD002848
[14]	李霞,李晓兵,王宏,等.气候变化对中国北方温带草原植被的影响[J].北京师范大学学报:自然科学版,2006, 42(6):618~623. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0476-0301.2006.06.019
[15]	杨元合,朴世龙.青藏高原草地植被覆盖变化及其与气候因子的关系[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(1):1~8. doi: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0001
[16]	李霞,李晓兵,陈云浩,等.中国北方草原植被对气象因子的时滞响应[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(6): 1054~1062 doi: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0133
[17]	崔林丽,史军,杨引明,等.中国东部植被NDVI对气温和降水的旬响应特征[J].地理学报,2009,64(7): 850~860.
[18]	李洪权,范广洲,周定文,等.青藏高原春季植被变化特征及其对夏季气温的影响[J].地理科学,2008,28(2): 259~265. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0690.2008.02.023
[19]	王宏,李晓兵,李霞,等.中国北方草原对气候干旱的响应[J].生态学报,2008,28(1):172~182. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2008.01.020

	生长季温度	生长季降水	春季温度	春季降水	夏季温度	夏季降水	秋季温度	秋季降水
温带草原	0.177	0.513^**	0.573^**	0.303	-0.025	0.473^*	0.309	0.022
高寒草原	0.120	-0.324	0.467^*	-0.360	0.357	-0.313	0.607^**	0.166

	生长季温度	生长季降水	春季温度	春季降水	夏季温度	夏季降水	秋季温度	秋季降水
温带典型草原	0.052	0.650^**	0.644^**	0.368	-0.157	0.411^*	0.282	0.166
温带草甸草原	-0.070	-0.036	0.286	0.011	-0.140	-0.217	0.069	-0.345
温带荒漠草原	-0.046	0.676^**	-0.343	0.212	-0.013	0.529^**	-0.210	0.083
高寒典型草原	0.255	-0.330	0.408^*	0.372	0.309	-0.387	0.324	-0.148
高寒草甸草原	0.461^**	-0.180	0.623^**	-0.335	0.580^**	-0.301	0.615^**	0.331

温带草原区	4月	5月	6月	7月	8月	9月	10月
同期温度	0.423^*	0.205	-0.454^*	0.025	0.013	0.118	0.239
前1个月温度	0.065	0.492^*	-0.371	-0.040	0.213	-0.154	0.161
前2个月温度	0.205	0.517^**	-0.077	-0.078	0.291	-0.007	-0.217
前3个月温度	0.173	0.311	-0.114	0.056	0.080	0.131	-0.091
同期降水	-0.056	0.141	0.422^*	0.490^*	-0.067	-0.133	0.322
前1个月降水	-0.169	0.428^*	0.431^*	0.412^*	0.340	0.408^*	0.102
前2个月降水	-0.448^**	0.310	0.162	0.304	0.169	0.131	0.485^*
前3个月降水	-0.206	-0.008	0.359	0.155	0.013	-0.001	0.368
高寒草原区	4月	5月	6月	7月	8月	9月	10月
同期温度	0.501^*	0.493^*	0.438^*	0.466^*	0.120	0.524^**	0.485^*
前1个月温度	0.214	0.140	0.226	-0.014	0.298	0.437^*	0.272
前2个月温度	0.212	-0.136	0.240	-0.066	-0.319	0.163	-0.168
前3个月温度	0.056	-0.014	-0.210	0.163	-0.350	-0.086	0.045
同期降水	-0.317	-0.302	-0.058	-0.303	-0.324	0.097	-0.297
前1个月降水	0.106	-0.303	0.015	0.115	-0.221	0.500^*	0.164
前2个月降水	-0.137	0.204	-0.158	0.494^*	0.011	-0.078	0.259
前3个月降水	0.049	0.175	-0.063	0.199	0.451^*	0.013	-0.163