基于作物生长期的江苏省沿海地区气候生产潜力估算

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2015.05.658

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

江苏沿海地区是中国重要的耕地后备资源基地之一,气候生产潜力能够反映该地区粮食安全保障能力大小。考虑作物不同生长期光温水协调程度,对现有气候生产潜力模型基于作物生长期进一步改进,估算江苏沿海地区14个县市三大粮食作物气候生产潜力。结果表明：基于作物生长期的气候生产潜力模型具有可行性。江苏省沿海地区水稻和小麦作物气候生产潜力受太阳有效辐射、温度和降水因素共同影响;玉米气候生产潜力主要受太阳有效辐射和温度影响,不受降水因素限制。从地域分布特征看,江苏沿海地区水稻和玉米气候生产潜力南北方向呈现梯度递增规律;小麦气候生产潜力南北方向差异不大。

关键词: 气候生产潜力, 作物生育期, 沿海地区, 江苏

Abstract:

Climate potential productivity reflects regional capacity of food supplies. Light, temperature and precipitation are three key climate factors influencing crop productivity. In past researches, three climate factors have been calculated during the whole crop period in the crop productivity models. However, couple relationships of light, temperature, and precipitation in different growth periods influences crop productivity differently. Considering that crops need different climate resources at different growing periods, thisarticle improved the existing model to calculate the climate potential productivity of rice, wheat and corn. Jiangsu Coastal zone is one of the significant bases of cropland complementary resource, and it is of great significance to understand capacity of food supplies of this area. Therefore, we took fourteen counties at coastal zone of Jiangsu province as a case study to calculate light potential productivity, light and temperature potential productivity and climate potential productivity of rice, wheat and corn and analyze spatial variation of crop productivity of different counties in Jiangsu coastal zone. The results show that the method of mechanism based on crop growing period to calculate the climate potential productivity for fourteen counties at coastal zone of Jiangsu province is feasible. The light potential productivity of rice, wheat and corn in Jiangsu province are 21 215.1 kg/ha, 15 083.6 kg/ha, and 26 424.9 kg/ha, respectively. The light and temperature potential productivity of rice, wheat and corn in Jiangsu province are 19 942.8 kg/ha, 11 728.2 kg/ha, and 24 094.8 kg/ha, respectively. The climate potential productivity of rice, wheat and corn in Jiangsu province are 19 828.4 kg/ha, 11 158.6 kg/ha, and 24 094.8 kg/ha, respectively. The climate potential productivity of rice and wheat are affected by light, temperature and precipitation, while the climate potential of corn is influenced by light and temperature. The light potential productivity, light and temperature potential productivity and climate potential productivity of different crops in Jiangsu coastal zone have different geographical distributions. The light potential productivity,light and temperature potential productivity and climate potential productivity of rice and corn increase from south to north. The light potential productivity, light and temperature potential productivity of wheat increases from south to north. The climate potential productivity of wheat has no large differences from south to north.

Key words: climate potential productivity, crop growing period, coastal zone, Jiangsu Province

中图分类号:

S127

许艳, 濮励杰, 朱明. 基于作物生长期的江苏省沿海地区气候生产潜力估算[J]. 地理科学, 2015, 35(5): 658-664.

Yan XU, Li-jie PU, Ming ZHU. Calculation of Climate Potential Productivity at Coastal Zone of Jiangsu Province Based on Crop Growing Period[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2015, 35(5): 658-664.

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参数	意义	水稻	小麦	玉米
Ω	作物光照强度利用效率(%)	90	85	100
ε	光合有效辐射比率(%)	49	49	49
φ	光量子转化效率(%)	22	22	22
α	植物群体反射率(%)	6	10	8
β	植物群体透射率(%)	8	7	6
ρ	作物非光合器官截获辐射比率(%)	10	10	10
γ	超过光饱和点的光的比率(%)	5	5	1
ω	呼吸消耗占光合产物比重(%)	33	33	30
f(L)	作物叶面积动态变化订正值	0.56	0.50	0.58
η	成熟作物的含水率(%)	14	14	15
δ	作物灰分率(%)	8	8	8
q	单位干物质的含热量（MJ/kg）	16.9	17.58	17.20

	苗期	营养生长期	营养与生殖生长并进期	营养灌浆期	灌浆成熟期
水稻	0.1	0.1	0.2	1	0.5
冬小麦	0.1	0.1	0.2	1	0.5
夏玉米	0.1	0.1	0.2	1	0.5

生长阶段	水稻			小麦			玉米
生长阶段	T₀	T₁	T₂	T₀	T₁	T₂	T₀	T₁	T₂
苗期	21.0	9.0	28.0	18	5	27	20.0	8.0	27.0
营养生长期	25.0	12.5	32.0	24	7	30	24.5	11.5	30.0
营养生殖并进期	27.8	15.0	33.0	27	14	33	27.0	14.0	33.0
营养灌浆期	26.3	15.0	33.0	25	14	33	25.5	14.0	32.0
灌浆成熟期	19.3	10.5	30.0	18	10	30	19.0	10.0	30.0

生长阶段	作物需水系数K_c			作物缺水敏感系数K_y
生长阶段	水稻	小麦	玉米	水稻	小麦	玉米
苗期	1.1~1.15	0.3~0.4	0.3~0.5	0.22	0.2	0.4
营养生长期	1.1~1.5	0.7~0.8	0.7~0.85	0.32	0.6	1.5
营养生殖并进期	1.1~1.3	1.05~1.2	1.05~1.2	0.27	0.6	1.5
营养灌浆期	0.95~1.05	0.65~0.75	0.8~0.95	0.19	0.5	0.5
灌浆成熟期	0.95~1.05	0.2~0.25	0.55~0.8	0.15	0	0.2