关键词: 生物多样性保护, DPSIR概念模型, 生态系统类型, 综合评价, 日本

Abstract:

As a party of “Convention on Biological Diversity”, the Japanese government made national strategy on biodiversity and published the “Basic Law on Biodiversity” in order to strengthen biodiversity protection. In 2008, the DPSIR conceptual model was used by “Japanese Biodiversity Assessment Research Committee” to build up the comprehensive evaluation index system. The system is composed of 14 reason evaluation index and 16 state evaluation indexes, a total of 30 indicators. The committee used 104 data sets such as administrative statistics, land resources surveys, environment monitoring and scientific research data to appraise 50 years of the 20th century in Japan since the latter half of the national status of biodiversity loss and causes. The management and integrated features of Japanese comprehensive biodiversity assessment are very prominent. The evaluation method is to use the existing surveys and monitoring data (quantitative data), analyze the cause and effect relationship, get the trend conclusions, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures. It is a combination of qualitative and quantitative trend analysis method. The evaluation area is divided into forest, farmland, urban, inland waters, coastal and ocean, islands (off-islands), six large ecosystem types in total. We analyzed the loss of biodiversity caused by four major crises. We discussed the reference value for biodiversity assessment in China.

Key words: biological diversity, conceptual model of DPSIR, ecosystem types, comprehensive evaluation, Japan