旅居者城市旅游空间行为的文化影响研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2015.09.1148

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以旅居者为研究对象,在Hofstede文化维度分类的基础上,运用ArcGIS空间分析、独立样本T检验、单因素方差分析、Pearson相关分析和集中指数法等方法对旅居者城市旅游空间行为进行实证研究。结果显示,权力距离、不确定性规避、个人主义/集体主义和男性化/女性化等4个文化维度对“在本市内的旅游方式”、“到研究区的交通方式”、“研究区内景点之间的运动方式”、“探索景点之外的区域”、“旅游有无计划性”、“运动顺逆时针方向性”、“每次旅游景点数”、“探索景点之内的大部分区域”等旅游空间行为都有着显著差异影响。

关键词: 旅居者, 旅游, 空间行为, Hofstede文化维度理论

Abstract:

Culture is not only a specific product of the behavior, but also the constraint of the behavior. The object about the impact of culture on travel spatial behavior received sustained attention from tourism geographers. Based on the classification of Hofstede cultural dimensions, this article takes the sojourners as the research object to do the empirical research which used ArcGIS spatial analysis, independent samples T-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis and Centralize Index and other methods. The results show that the influence of the four cultural dimensions including PDI, UAI, IDV, MAS on tourist spatial behavior has a significant difference, such as “travel companions”, “type of transport to the city centre”, “mode of transport within the city centre”, “length of movement around the city”, “type of movement (planned vs. unplanned)”, “direction of movement (clockwise vs. anti-clockwise)”, “patterns of movement (single vs. multiple destination)”, “length of movement within the city attractions”. In particular, the influence on mid-gradational spatial behavior is greater than that on micro level, most notably on the aspects of “type of transport to the city centre”, “length of movement around the city” and “patterns of movement (single vs. multiple destination)”. The IDV cultural dimension has the biggest influence on travel spatial behavior of the sojourners, which has been proved to influence significantly on 6 aspects of the 8 spatial behavior characteristics. Secondly, the PDI cultural dimension includes the 4 mid-gradational spatial behavior characteristics and the only one micro spatial behavior characteristic; the UAI cultural dimension is also closely related to the 4 mid-gradational spatial behavior characteristics. However, the MAS cultural dimension has the minimal impact on spatial behavior characteristics, only remarkably on 3 aspects. In terms of spatial agglomeration and time concentration, the concentration index of high PDI, high UAI, low IDV and low MAS is higher, as well as the visiting time. This study depicts the map of sojourners space motion effectively, investigates the cultural factors which influence the sojourners tourist spatial behavior, preliminarily provides research of sojourners' travel behavior with an exploratory analysis besides sociodemographic variables. Research results can provide customized products and services to sojourners and tourists from different cultural backgrounds, at the same time, they can also be used in the tourist facilities spatial structure planning, such as the city internal traffic, shopping, entertainment, accommodation.

Key words: sojourners, tourism, spatial behavior, Hofstede cultural dimensions theory

中图分类号:

F590

郑鹏. 旅居者城市旅游空间行为的文化影响研究[J]. 地理科学, 2015, 35(9): 1148-1155.

Peng ZHENG. The Cultural Influence on Sojourners＇City Tourism Spatial Behavior[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2015, 35(9): 1148-1155.

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性别（%）	男性	48.8	受教育程度（%）	高中及以下	11.2	在华期间的年收入（%）	低于5万	53.6
性别（%）	女性	51.2		大专和本科	68.8		5~10万	21.6
年龄（%）	14岁以下	0		硕士	15.2		10~20万	15.2
	15~24岁	74.4	博士		4.8	20~50万		2.4
	25~44岁	22.4	来源国（%）	美国	22.4		50~100万	1.6
	45~64岁	2.4		韩国	16		100万以上	2.4
	65岁以上	0.8		法国	12.8	婚姻状况（%）	已婚	8
旅居时间（%）	不足6个月	28.8		英国	7.2	婚姻状况（%）	未婚	92
	6个月至1 a内	32.8	澳大利亚		7.2	目前职业（%）	学生	76.8
	1~2 a	13.6	土耳其		6.4		专业技术人员	10.4
	2~5 a	7.2	日本		4.8		其他	12.8
	5 a以上	17.6	其他国家		23.2

空间行为特征	文化特征
空间行为特征	PDI	UAI	IDV	MAS
在本市内的旅游方式	——	F=3.996, p=0.001	F=3.483, p=0.019	——
到研究区的交通方式	F=2.951, Sig.=0.010	F=2.986, p=0.020	F=3.091, p=0.008	——
研究区内景点之间的运动方式	——	——	F=3.811, p=0.006	——
探索景点之外的区域	p=-0.152, Sig.=0.023	——	p=0.153, Sig.=0.016	p=0.165, Sig.=0.024
旅游有无计划性	t=2.962, Sig.=0.005	t=2.813, Sig=0.005	——	——
运动顺逆时针方向性	——	——	t=2.657, Sig.=0.013	t= 2.136, Sig.=0.038
每次旅游景点数	——	t=-3.135, Sig=0.001	t=3.469, Sig.=0.005	t=3.519, Sig=0.001
探索景点之内的大部分区域	p=0.196 , Sig.=0.003	——	——	——
空间集聚性	① CI≈0.46 ② CI≈0.15	① CI≈0.41 ② CI≈0.18	① CI≈0.14 ② CI≈0.45	① CI≈0.14 ② CI≈0.39
时间集中性	① 3 h以上 ② 1~3 h	① 3 h ② 单个景点较短、总体较长	① 单个景点较短、总体较长 ② 3 h或更长	① 1~2 h ② 3 h以上