吉林省资源型城市转型阶段识别及其特征成因分析

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.01.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

分析、界定资源型城市不同转型阶段内涵及特征,构建吉林省资源型城市转型阶段识别体系。引入具有隶属函数性质的分段函数模型,识别转型阶段、分析转型特征及成因。结果表明,吉林省资源型城市经济与社会发展、基础设施建设、环境污染治理等方面转型效果均有所提升,总体进入基本转型阶段,经济转型特征最为明显,城市基础设施建设较落后。不同类型资源型城市转型效果差异显著,其中石油类城市转型较好,森工类、煤炭类城市转型较差,资源枯竭型城市较其他城市转型难度大;同时城市的资源依赖特征仍然突出。评价结果符合吉林省资源型城市实际情况。最后从中央政策、产业基础与空间区位、资源禀赋、地方财政等方面分析吉林省资源型城市转型特征成因,并提出了吉林省资源型城市未来的可持续发展模式与路径。

关键词: 资源型城市, 转型阶段识别, 分段函数, 转型特征, 吉林省

Abstract:

The article defined the connotation of different transition stages and identification system of resource-based cities in Jilin Province, then introduced Piecewise function method to identify the transition stage, and analyzed the character. The result showed that, economic and social development, infrastructure construction, environmental governance improved well, and the transition of resource-based cities overall stepped into the fundamental stage. Among all indicators, economic transition effect was the best, but the infrastructure transition effect lagged behind. While the results differed obviously between different types of resource-based cities, the transition effect of oil cities was much better than forestry and coal cities, and the resource-exhausted cities were confronted with much more difficulties than others in the process of transition. Meanwhile, the resource characteristics of resource-based cities were still prominent. In general, the results coincided with the actual situation of Jilin Province. Then the article analyzed the causes of the transition of the resource-based cities from the central government policies, industrial base and spatial location, natural resources, local financial, etc. Finally, the study proposed sustainable development routes and modes of resource-based cities in Jilin Province. For example, the coal, metal, and oil cities can choose the transition routes such as comprehensive development mode, dominant industry transition mode, and continuous industry mode, while the comprehensive and forestry cities may choose the turn direction routes such as sustainable resource dived mode.

Key words: resource-based cities, transition stage identification, piecewise function, transition character, Jilin Province

中图分类号:

F062.1

李汝资, 宋玉祥, 李雨停, 于婷婷. 吉林省资源型城市转型阶段识别及其特征成因分析[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(1): 90-98.

Ruzi Li, Yuxiang Song, Yuting Li, Tingting Yu. The Identification of Transition Stages and Causes of Resource-based Cities in Jilin Province[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2016, 36(1): 90-98.

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总体目标	一级指标	二级指标
资源型城市转型	非资源性特征	非采掘业从业人员比重（%）
	非资源性特征	非采掘业产值占工业总产值比重（%）
	经济发展水平	人均GDP（元/人）
		GDP增长率（%）
		人均地方财政收入（元/人）
		人均全社会固定资产投资（元/人）
		第三产业产值占总产值比重（%）
	社会发展水平	城镇居民人均可支配收入（元/人）
		科技教育支出占财政支出比重（%）
		每千人拥有教师数（人/千人）
		每千人拥有医生数（人/千人）
	基础设施建设	人均城市道路面积（km²/人）
		人均公共绿地面积（m²/人）
		建成区绿化覆盖率（%）
	环境污染治理	工业固体废物综合利用率（%）
		生活垃圾无害化处理率（%）
		城镇生活污水处理率（%）

转型阶段	转型起步阶段	初步转型阶段	基本转型阶段	成功转型阶段
理论得分	0~40	41~55	56~75	76~100
实际得分	0~34	35~47	48~64	65~85

类型	城市	2008年	2010年	2011年	2012年	平均	C_v (%)	转型阶段
综合类	白山市*	37	45	49	53	46	14.9	初步-基本**
	珲春市	39	49	63	65	54	22.7	基本转型
	集安市	51	53	61	63	57	10.3	基本转型
石油类	松原市	47	49	53	67	54	16.7	基本转型
	大安市	39	45	57	59	50	19.2	基本转型
	镇赉县	43	53	57	61	53.5	14.4	基本转型
	双阳区	53	55	67	67	60.5	12.5	基本-成功***
森工类	敦化市*	51	57	61	65	58.5	10.2	基本-成功***
	和龙市	37	43	45	55	45	16.6	初步-基本**
	汪清县*	37	41	45	51	43.5	13.7	初步-基本**
	安图县	43	43	51	59	49	15.6	初步-基本**
金属类	桦甸市	59	57	63	65	61	6.0	基本转型
	磐石市	49	43	51	55	49.5	10.1	初步-基本**
	二道江区*	47	47	51	63	52	14.6	基本转型
煤炭类	辽源市*	39	53	55	61	52	17.9	基本转型
	九台市*	47	51	53	57	52	8.0	基本转型
	舒兰市*	40	38	44	48	42.5	10.4	初步转型
	蛟河市	45	51	49	53	49.5	6.9	初步转型
	辉南县	49	47	49	55	50	6.9	初步转型

类型	2008年	2010年	2011年	2012年	平均	转型阶段
资源枯竭型城市	42.5	47.4	51.1	56.8	49.5	初步-基本
非资源枯竭型城市	46.1	49	55.5	60	52.7	基本转型
全部资源型城市	44.8	48.4	53.8	59	51.5	基本转型

类型	综合类	石油类	森工类	金属类	煤炭类
采掘业从业人员占城镇单位从业人员比重	15.44	12	12.12	6.7	12.4
采掘业产值占工业总产值比重	25.82	16.8	19.97	13.01	12.1