砒砂岩区地貌形态三维分形特征量化及空间变异

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.01.018

地理科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (1): 142-148.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.01.018

砒砂岩区地貌形态三维分形特征量化及空间变异

张传才^1,^2,³(), 秦奋¹(), 王海鹰¹, 李宁¹, 李阳¹

1. 河南大学环境与规划学院, 河南开封 475004
2. 安徽理工大学测绘学院, 安徽淮南 232001
3. 河南大学黄河中下游数字地理技术教育部重点实验室, 河南开封 475004

收稿日期:2014-12-20 修回日期:2015-04-03 出版日期:2016-01-20 发布日期:2016-01-20
作者简介:
作者简介：张传才（1979-）,男,山东梁山人,讲师,博士研究生,研究方向为GIS应用模型集成开发、虚拟地理环境。E-mail:zccai1205@163.com
基金资助:
国家科技支撑计划项目（2013BAC05B01）、国家自然科学基金项目（41401457）资助

Quantization and Spatial Variation of Topographic Features Using 3D Fractal Dimensions in Arsenic Rock Area

Chuancai Zhang^1,^2,³(), Fen Qin¹(), Haiying Wang¹, Ning Li¹, Yang Li¹

1.College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
2.College of Surveying and Mapping, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
3. Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education,Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China

Received:2014-12-20 Revised:2015-04-03 Online:2016-01-20 Published:2016-01-20
Supported by:
National Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs（2013BAC05B01）,National Natural Science Foundation of China（41401457）

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对现有地貌形态三维分形模型结构存在的不足,构建一个新的地貌形态三维分形维数测算模型。基于该模型对砒砂岩区274个小流域的地貌形态三维分形维数进行计算并分析其空间变异规律。研究表明：① 基于该模型计算的分形维数能更准确地反映地貌形态复杂度信息;② 砒砂岩区小流域地貌形态三维分形维数介于1.683 6~1.948 6之间;③ 地貌形态三维分形维数整体上覆土砒砂岩区（均值为1.765 9）<裸露砒砂岩强度侵蚀区（均值为1.785 4）和剧烈侵蚀区（均值为1.774 8）<覆沙砒砂岩区（均值为1.796 6）。由于地表覆盖物、砒砂岩裸露程度和土壤侵蚀机理的差异而形成的不同地貌特征是该区地貌形态分形特征空间变异的主要原因。

关键词: 地形量化, 砒砂岩, 地貌形态三维分形, 空间变异

Abstract:

This article focuses on constructing a three-dimensional fractal model to quantify topographic features and analyzes its spatial variation in arsenic rock area. Topographical complexity is commonly described by the fractal dimension, which is a comprehensive index for topography, and a significant parameter for the soil erosion model at the watershed scale. Although lots of fractal models describing topographic features have been built by domestic and overseas scholars, mostare flawed on the model structure. To solve this problem, the article proposes a new index describing relief volume, and designs a new 3D fractal model for arsenic rock area. Based on the fractal model, ESRI ARCENGINE was used to develop the software computing fractal dimension of topographic features. The fractal dimensions of 274 small watersheds were calculated by this software, and their statistical values, such as average value, maximum value, minimum value, standard deviation and coefficient of differentiation,were obtained using zonal statistical tool.The thematic map showing spatial variation was produced using ArcGIS software based on classification statistical method. Finally, the reasons causing the spatial variation of 274 small watershedsfractal dimensions were analyzed in aspects of landform genesis and internal differences in arsenic rock area. The results show that: 1) The 3D fractal dimensions computed by the developed software which was designed in this article can accurately describe the topographical complexity, and the new index is very effective; 2) The 3D fractal dimensions of all small watersheds are between 1.683 6 and 1.948 6 in arsenic rock area; 3) On the whole, the 3D fractal dimensions is largest in the arsenic rock area covered by sands (the average value is 1.796 6 ), the second is the serious and severesoil erosion area in the arsenic rock area covered by the bare sandstone(the average values are 1.785 4 and 1.774 8, respectively), and the last one is arsenic rock area covered by loess (the average is 1.765 9 ). The reasons causing the differentiation of the fractal dimensions are mainly different topographical characteristics due to soil erosionin arsenic rock area.

Key words: quantization of topographic features, arsenic rock area, topographical 3D fractal dimensions, spatial variation

中图分类号:

S157.1

张传才, 秦奋, 王海鹰, 李宁, 李阳. 砒砂岩区地貌形态三维分形特征量化及空间变异[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(1): 142-148.

Chuancai Zhang, Fen Qin, Haiying Wang, Ning Li, Yang Li. Quantization and Spatial Variation of Topographic Features Using 3D Fractal Dimensions in Arsenic Rock Area[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2016, 36(1): 142-148.

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砒砂岩类型分区	面积（km²）	流域数量（个）	高程标准差平均值	平均坡度（°）	坡度变异系数最小值	坡度变异系数最大值	坡度变异系数平均值
裸露砒砂岩区-强度侵蚀	2879.05	59	49.1871	7.6493	0.5339	0.6412	0.5956
覆土砒砂岩区	8321.34	135	65.8361	11.8865	0.4978	0.7488	0.5801
覆沙砒砂岩区	3532.53	62	44.9751	6.9019	0.5360	0.7193	0.6253
裸露砒砂岩区-剧烈侵蚀	1648.05	18	49.0045	8.6043	0.5495	0.6241	0.5849

地形	面积（km²）	高程最大值（m）	高程平均值（m）	高程标准差	坡度最小值（°）	坡度最大值（°）	坡度平均值（°）	高程标准差与平均坡度乘积
a	1.6103	199.20	99.60	57.97	7.13	63.44	60.50	3507.04
b	1.6103	199.20	99.60	57.97	7.12	45.00	43.66	2530.69
c	1.6103	398.39	199.20	115.93	14.04	45.00	44.29	5134.50
d	1.6103	389.86	87.55	92.21	1.78	81.00	32.61	3007.37
e	1.6103	399.87	310.84	94.18	1.13	81.00	32.99	3070.81

砒砂岩类型分区	小流域数量（个）	三维分形维数最小值	三维分形维数最大值	三维分形维数平均值	标准差	变异系数
裸露砒砂岩区-强度侵蚀	59	1.7138	1.8654	1.7854	0.0300	0.0168
覆土砒砂岩区	135	1.6835	1.8363	1.7659	0.0272	0.0154
覆沙砒砂岩区	62	1.6923	1.9486	1.7966	0.0374	0.0208
裸露砒砂岩区-剧烈侵蚀	18	1.7449	1.8097	1.7748	0.0168	0.0095

砒砂岩区地貌形态三维分形特征量化及空间变异

Quantization and Spatial Variation of Topographic Features Using 3D Fractal Dimensions in Arsenic Rock Area

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