影响海岸带盐沼土壤有机质、TN和TP含量时空变化的关键因子：潮水和植被

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.02.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了更好地理解在潮水和植被交互作用梯度上有机质、全氮和全磷分布的特殊性,分别于生长季和非生长季在苏北盐沼沿近潮沟带和远潮沟带2条样线布设9个固定采样区,采集土壤样品,测定土壤有机质、全氮和全磷的含量。结果表明：植被和潮水的交互作用是决定土壤有机质、全氮和全磷时空变化的关键因素。相对于潮水,植被的影响更为稳定和持久;盐沼土壤有机质和全氮含量具有显著的空间和月份变化,空间变化主要包括植被带（潮水）梯度上和样带间（潮流）的差异,在植被带（潮水）梯度上植被带高于光滩,而植被带间呈现由海向陆的递减趋势,即互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)>盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)>獐茅(Aeluropus littoralis)>芦苇( Phragmites australis);有机质样带间差异表现为在低位盐沼远潮沟带大于近潮沟带,而中位盐沼却是近潮沟带大于远潮沟带,全磷含量时间和空间变化上均不具显著性;pH、土壤含水量和盐分含量等与潮水作用直接相关的因子与距海距离呈负相关关系,土壤有机质、全氮和全磷与距海距离也表现为负相关关系,而土壤有机质、全氮和全磷含量与pH、土壤含水量及盐分含量等因子为正相关关系,一定程度上诠释了潮水对土壤有机质、全氮和全磷含量变化的影响。

关键词: 有机质, 全氮, 全磷, 时空分布, 植被分布, 潮水

Abstract:

Coastal salt marshes are important terrestrial ecosystems, soil is one of the main accumulation pools of the organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, which plays an important role in the global carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles. In order to better define particularity of SOM, TN, and TP distribution along the spatial gradient about interactions between the tide and of vegetation, the contents of SOM, TN, and TP were seasonally measured along two elevational gradients of a coastal salt marsh of eastern China. Main results are as follows, the tide and vegetation interaction is factor of impact on temporal and spatial variation of SOM, TN, and TP in coastal salt marsh, with respect to the effects of tidal influence vegetation is more stable and persistent; Spatial and month variation of SOM and TN content of salt marsh are significant, spatial variation includes change along gradient of vegetation (tide) and differences between the (tidal currents) of transects, the content of vegetation zone is higher than that of tidal flat along gradient of vegetation (tide), the content of SOM, TN, and TP show decreasing from sea to land on vegetation zones, that is Spartina alterniflora>Suaeda salsa>Aeluropus littoralis>Phragmites australis; Difference between two transects of SOM shows that content of SOM, TN, and TP far tidal creeks greater than that of near tidal creek at low salt marsh, and content of SOM, TN, and TP near tidal creek greater than that of far tidal creeks at median salt marsh, spatial and temporal variation of TP is not significant; pH, soil moisture, salt content and other directly related to the tidal effect factor are negative correlation to distance away from the sea, contents of SOM, TN, and TP are also negative correlation to distance away from the sea, and the contents of SOM, TN, and TP are positively correlated to pH, soil moisture and salt content and other factors, to a certain extent, it explained that tidal influence on contents and variation of SOM, TN, and TP.

Key words: SOM, TN, TP, temporal and spatial distribution, vegetation distribution, tide

中图分类号:

X142/Q178.531

王进欣, 张威, 郭楠, 李超, 王今殊. 影响海岸带盐沼土壤有机质、TN和TP含量时空变化的关键因子：潮水和植被[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(2): 247-255.

Jinxin Wang, Wei Zhang, Nan Guo, Chao Li, Jinshu Wang. The Key Factor of Impact on Temporal and Spatial Variation of Soil Organic Matter, TN and TP in Coastal Salt Marsh: Tide and Vegetation[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2016, 36(2): 247-255.

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差异源		SS	df	MS	F	P-value	F crit
有机质	样带间（潮流梯度）	48.012	1	48.012	25.347	0.000	4.414
	植被（潮水）梯度	123.985	2	61.992	32.728	0.000	3.554
	交互	207.839	2	103.920	54.862	0.000	3.554
	内部	34.096	18	1.894
	总计	413.931	23
TN	样带间（潮流梯度）	0.195	1	0.195	21.981	0.000	4.414
	植被（潮水）梯度	0.698	2	0.349	39.416	0.000	3.555
	交互	0.143	2	0.071	8.076	0.003	3.555
	内部	0.159	18	0.009
	总计	1.194	23
TP	样带间（潮流梯度）	0.001	1	0.001	1.388	0.254	4.414
	植被（潮水）梯度	0.068	2	0.0339	48.412	0.000	3.555
	交互	0.004	2	0.002	2.848	0.084	3.555
	内部	0.013	18	0.001
	总计	0.085	23
可溶性盐总量	样带间（潮流梯度）	0.036	1	0.036	0.335	0.570	4.414
	植被（潮水）梯度	0.410	2	0.205	1.932	0.174	3.555
	交互	0.641	2	0.320	3.017	0.074	3.555
	内部	1.912	18	0.106
	总计	2.999	23

	pH（n=162）	含水量(n=132)	TP	TN	盐分总量	有机质
	pH（n=162）	含水量(n=132)	n=570
pH	1
含水量	0.429^**	1
TP	0.0189	0.070	1
TN	0.2019^*	0.807^**	-0.018	1
盐分总量	0.588^**	0.820^**	0.040	0.619^**	1
有机质	0.363^**	0.691^**	0.030	0.845^**	0.649^**	1

理化因子	a	b	R²
pH (n=161)	-3.1×10^-5	8.47	0.067
含水量(n=61)	-1.5×10^-5	39.87	0.213
TP(n=621)	-1.9×10^-5	0.80	0.070
TN(n=621)	-1.5×10^-5	0.46	0.095
有机质(n=570)	-3.9×10^-5	8.31	0.156
可溶性盐总量(n=621)	-5.3×10^-5	10.37	0.192