区域旅游生态效率实证分析——以海南省为例

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.03.013

地理科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 417-423.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.03.013

区域旅游生态效率实证分析——以海南省为例

姚治国^1,²(), 陈田², 尹寿兵³, 李新刚⁴

1.天津外国语大学国际商学院,天津 300071
2.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101
3.安徽师范大学国土资源与旅游学院,安徽芜湖 241000
4.天津商业大学公共管理学院,天津 300134

收稿日期:2015-01-28 修回日期:2015-04-28 出版日期:2016-03-20 发布日期:2016-03-20
作者简介:
姚治国（1978-）,男,安徽太湖人,博士后,讲师,主要从事酒店管理与旅游规划研究。E-mail: yzgzszz@163.com
基金资助:
国家自科基金青年项目（41301159）、天津市哲学社会科学规划项目（TJGL13-010）、教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目（15YJC790047）资助

Regional Tourism Eco-Efficiency Model and an Empirical Research of Hainan Province

Zhiguo Yao^1,²(), Tian Chen², Shoubing Yin³, Xingang Li⁴

1. School of International Business of Tianjin Foreign Studies University, Tianjin 300071, China
2. Institute of Geography Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
3. College of Territoral Resources and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
4.School of Public Management of Tianjin Commerce University, Tianjin 300134, China

Received:2015-01-28 Revised:2015-04-28 Online:2016-03-20 Published:2016-03-20
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (41301159), Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of Tianjin (TJGL13-010), Ministry of Education in China Project of Humanities and Social Sciences (15YJC790047)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于旅游碳足迹、生态效率、旅游经济效应等理论,构建了旅游生态效率模型,在定量计算海南省2012年旅游生态效率值的基础上,对旅游生态效率区域差异进行了成因机制分析。主要结论有：① 海南省2012年旅游交通生态效率为0.898元/kg,旅游住宿生态效率为7.13元/kg,旅游活动生态效率为16.32元/kg,旅游综合生态效率为1.787元/kg,旅游活动和旅游住宿的生态效率值大于旅游交通生态效率值。② 在出行距离既定的情况下,优化旅游生态效率的措施在于：提高人均消费水平、延长平均停留时间、增加平均参与活动频次,即“短距离、长停留、高消费”的市场模式有利于优化旅游生态效率,反之,“长距离、短停留、低消费”的市场模式则拉低了旅游生态效率值。③ 海南省旅游者外部交通平均距离较大、乘坐飞机旅游者比例较高、旅游收入统计值低于实际值等原因叠加起来使其旅游生态效率水平略次于部分旅游地。

关键词: 旅游生态效率, 旅游碳足迹, 海南省

Abstract:

Based on the theory of the Tourism Carbon Footprint, Tourism Eco-efficiency and Tourism Economic Effects, this article proposed the concept and model of Tourism Eco-efficiency. This study took Hainan Province as a research object, calculated the tourism eco-efficiency value of Hainan Province in 2012 quantitatively, and made a mechanism analysis on regional differences of tourism eco-efficiency. According to the empirical research, this article drew some conclusions as follows: 1) In term of the tourism eco-efficiency of Hainan Province in 2012, the tourism eco-efficiency of tourism transport was 0.898 yuan/kg, the tourism eco-efficiency of tourism accommodation is 7.13 yuan/kg, the tourism eco-efficiency of tourism activity or amusement was 16.32 yuan/kg, the total tourism eco-efficiency was 1.787 yuan/kg, the tourism eco-efficiency value of tourism activity and tourism accommodation is greater than tourism transport. 2) In case of the same travel distance, there were some measures to enhance the tourism eco-efficiency as follows: to improve the level of per capita consumption, to extend the average residence time, to increase the average frequency of participation of tourism activities, it is also known as an theory that tourism market structure with "short-distance, long stay, high consumption" is conducive for optimizing tourism eco-efficiency, vice versa, tourism market structure with "long-distance, short stay, lower consumption" will drives down the value of tourism eco-efficiency. 3) The reasons that the tourism eco-efficiency of Hainan Province is lower than some compared destination could be summarized as: longer tourists average outside transport distance, higher proportion of tourists choosing aircraft as transport model, tourism revenues by statistics relatively lower to the actual consumption figure.

Key words: tourism eco-efficiency, tourism carbon footprint, Hainan Province

中图分类号:

K901

姚治国, 陈田, 尹寿兵, 李新刚. 区域旅游生态效率实证分析——以海南省为例[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(3): 417-423.

Zhiguo Yao, Tian Chen, Shoubing Yin, Xingang Li. Regional Tourism Eco-Efficiency Model and an Empirical Research of Hainan Province[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2016, 36(3): 417-423.

图/表 4

表1

表2

表3

表4

参考文献 32

[1]	Becken S.Tourists,perception of international air travel's impact on the global climate and potential climate change policies[J].Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2007,15(4):351-368.
[2]	Kuo N W, Chen P H.Quantifying energy use, carbon dioxide emission, and other environmental loads from island tourism based on a life cycle assessment approach[J].Journal of Cleaner Production, 2009, (17): 1324-1330. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.04.012
[3]	Gössling S, Peeters P, Ceron J P et al. The Eco-efficiency of Tourism[J].Ecological Economics, 2005, (54): 417-434.
[4]	Dober P, Wolff R.Eco-efficiency and dematerialization: scenarios for new industrial logics in recycling industries, automobile and household appliances[J]. Business Strategy and the Environment, 1999,(8):31-45.
[5]	Gössling S.Global Environmental Consquences of Tourism[J].Global Environmental Change,2002,(12): 283-302.
[6]	Kytzia S, Walz A, Wegmann M.How can tourism use land more efficiently? A model-based approach to land-use efficiency for tourist destinations[J].Tourism Management, 2011,(32): 629-640. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2010.05.014
[7]	Kelly J, Haider W, Peter W et al. preferences of tourists for eco-efficient destination planning options[J].Tourism Management, 2007,(28):377-390.
[8]	Becken S.Developing indicators for managing tourism in the face of peak oil[J].Tourism Management,2008,(29):695-705. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2007.07.012
[9]	Raymond C, Booth A, Louis B.Eco-efficiency and SMEs in Nova Scotia, Canada[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2006,(14):542-550. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2005.07.004
[10]	Ayres R U.Towards a zero-emissions economy[J].Environmental Science and Technology, 1998, 32(15): 366-367.
[11]	Weidema B P, Thrane M, Christensen P et al. Carbon footprint: a catalyst for life cycle assessment?[J].Journal of Industrial Ecology,2008,12(1):3-6.
[12]	刘竹,耿涌,薛冰,等.中国低碳试点省份经济增长与碳排放关系研究[J].资源科学,2011,33(4): 620-625.
	[Liu Zhu,Geng Yong,Xue Bing et al. Research on the relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions of low-carbon Experimental provinces in China. Resource Science, 2011,33(4):620-625.]
[13]	汪玉林,姜克隽.中国城市交通节能政策研究[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2009.
	[Wang Yulin,Jiang Kejun.Research on Urban Transport Energy Saving Policy in China. Beijing: China Communications Press,2009.]
[14]	吴文化. 我国交通运输行业能源消费和排放与典型国家的比较[J].中国能源, 2007,(10):19-22.
	[Wu Wenhua.The Comparison of China's transportation sector energy consumption and carbon emissions to typical country. Energy of China, 2007, (10):19-22.]
[15]	国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所课题组.中国2050年低碳发展之路:能源需求暨碳排放情景分析[M].北京: 科学出版社,2010:141-142.
	[Energy Research Institute of China National Development and Reform Commission. Low-carbon development path to 2050 in China: Scenario Analysis of Demand for energy and Carbon Emission. Beijing: Science Press, 2010: 141-142.]
[16]	张陶新,周跃云,赵先超.中国城市低碳交通建设的现状与途径分析[J].城市发展研究,2011,(1):68-73.
	[Zhang Taoxin,Zhou Yueyun,Zhao Xianchao.Analysis of Status and Development pathway of China urban low-carbon Communications construction. Urban Development Studies,2011,(1):68-73.]
[17]	牛文元. 中国新型城市化报告2010[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
	[Niu Wenyuan.The New Reports of Chinese Urbanization in 2010. Beijing: Science Press , 2010.]
[18]	张陶新. 中国城市化进程中的城市道路交通碳排放研究[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境,2012,22(8):3-9. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2104.2012.08.001
	[Zhang Taoxin.China Urban road transport emissions of carbon in the process of urbanization. China Population Resources and Environment, 2012,22(8):3-9.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2104.2012.08.001
[19]	Woodside A, King R.An updated model of travel and tourism purchase-consumption systems[J].Journal of Travel &Tourism Marketing, 2001, 10(1): 3-26. doi: 10.1300/J073v10n01_02
[20]	Kelly J, Williams P W.Modelling tourism destination energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions: Whistler, British Columbia, Canada[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2007, 15(1): 67-90. doi: 10.2167/jost609.0
[21]	Peeters P, Schouten F.Reducing the ecological footprint of inbound tourism and transport to Amsterdam[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2007,14(2):157-171.
[22]	Reilly J, Williams P, Haider W.Moving towards more eco-efficient tourist transportation to a resort destination: The case of Whistler, British Columbia[J]. Research in Transportation Economics, 2010,(26):66-67. doi: 10.1016/j.retrec.2009.10.009
[23]	Becken S, David G S, Frampton C.Energy use with different travel choices[J]. Tourism Management,2003, 24(3):267-277.
[24]	Lin T P.Carbon dioxide emissions from transport in Taiwan’s national park[J]. Tourism Management, 2010,(31):285-290. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2009.03.009
[25]	张奔,戴铁军.协同学视角下的生态工业园结构研究[J].再生资源与循环经济, 2011,4(4):11-15. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0912.2011.04.004
	[Zhang Ben, Dai Tiejun.The study of Eco Industrial Park construction with the Synergetic Perspective. Recyclable Resources and Circular Economy, 2011,4(4):11-15.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0912.2011.04.004
[26]	Stigson B.A road to sustainable industry: how to promote resource efficiency in companies[M].Düsseldorf: WBCSD,2001.
[27]	World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD).Measuring eco-efficiency: a guide to reporting company performance[M]. Geneva: WBCSD, 2000.
[28]	Lee K F.Sustainable tourism destinations: the importance of cleaner production[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2001, (9): 313-323. doi: 10.1016/S0959-6526(00)00071-8
[29]	Hasselmann K, Latif M, Hooss G et al. The challenge of long-term climate change[J]. Science, 2003, (302):1923-1925.
[30]	Grapl H, Kokott J, Kulessa M et al. Climate protection strategies for the first century: Kyoto and beyond[R]. Berlin: WBGU, 2003.
[31]	肖建红,于爱芬,王敏.旅游过程碳足迹评估——以舟山群岛为例[J]. 旅游科学,2011,25(4):58-66.
	[Xiao Jianhong,Yu Aifen,Wang Min.Assessment of Carbon Footprint in Travel Process: A case Study of Zhoushan Islands. Tourism Science, 2011,25(4):58-66.]
[32]	章锦河. 旅游废弃物生态影响评价——以九寨沟、黄山风景区为例[J].生态学报,2008,28(6):2764-2773. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2008.06.040
	[Zhang Jinhe.The Ecological Impact Assessment of Tourism Wastes: Case Study of Jiuzhaigou and Huangshan. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(6):2764-2773.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2008.06.040

交通模式	CO₂排放因子[kg/（人·km）]	等价因子
航空（国内）	0.150	1.07
航空（海外）	0.150	1.07
火车	0.025	1.05
汽车	0.075	1.05
长途公共汽车	0.018	1.05
渡轮	0.070	1.05
游轮/游艇	0.070	1.05
自行车/脚踏车	0.010	1.05
其他	0.075	1.05

交通类型	旅游交通碳足迹CO_2-e（×10⁶kg）
飞机	17330.63
火车	1261.44
城市公交	65.89
步行/自行车	0
出租车	103.69
自驾车	25.26
其他	4.33
合计	18791.24

住宿类型	游客过夜夜数（×10⁴）	碳足迹CO_2-e （×10⁶kg）
星级酒店	9821.64	2023.26
社会宾馆	876.58	122.72
度假村	903.18	129.14
家庭旅馆	348.64	55.43
住宿过夜数与碳足迹合计	11949.97	2330.56

旅游活动类型	旅游者数量（万人次）	碳足迹CO_2-e （×10⁶kg）
植物园	597.66	3.74
主题公园	1195.33	6.98
自然观光	2158.23	11.70
文化景观	498.05	1.80
观看演出	531.26	1.28
节庆会展	298.83	0.62
垂钓	265.63	14.64
潜水/游泳	1228.53	38.53
冲浪/沙滩	962.90	25.88
温泉/休闲度假	431.65	13.54
高尔夫	132.81	50.80
游轮/游艇	66.41	18.29
旅游活动参与人数与碳足迹合计	12331.80	187.80

区域旅游生态效率实证分析——以海南省为例

Regional Tourism Eco-Efficiency Model and an Empirical Research of Hainan Province

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 4

参考文献 32

相关文章 2

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 10

[1]	李敏纳,程叶青,蔡舒,周春山. 国际旅游岛建设以来海南省产业空间分异格局及其驱动机制[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(6): 967-977.
[2]	张学雷, 张甘霖, 龚子同. SOTER支持下ALES模型对海南省热带作物适宜性评价研究[J]. 地理科学, 2001, 21(4): 344-349.