哈大高铁对东北城市旅游经济联系的空间影响

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.04.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于GIS平台,构建可达性模型分析哈大高铁开通后东北各城市旅游交通网络可达性变化特征,然后通过修正引力模型,从时空压缩效应、高铁旅游带的形成、旅游通勤圈空间分异、加剧旅游极化效应等方面分析哈大高铁对东北各城市间旅游经济联系的影响。结果显示：高铁带来的时空压缩效应大大强化了东北城市的旅游交通可达性和旅游经济联系,整个通勤圈时空压缩2 h左右,提升幅度均呈现距离高铁增加而衰减现象,且省际城市间的变化大于省内城市间的变化,东三省的变化大于内蒙东部区域的变化。沿线城市在高铁开通后将获得更大的旅游发展动能,并加快哈大高铁旅游带的形成。沿线城市“一日游”和“两日游”受益明显,偏远城市则在“七日游”方面受益较多;东北旅游应以高铁为契机,精心开发沿线旅游精品线路,加快旅游一体化合作,打造东北旅游新形象。高铁使旅游市场空间分布上出现“极化效应”,提升旅游产业供求效率的同时,拉大了城市间旅游差距,不利于旅游产业协调性发展。今后应以高铁为核心完善快速交通干线布局,将更多旅游城市和旅游景点纳入高铁通勤圈。

关键词: 旅游可达性, 城市旅游经济联系, 高铁旅游带, 旅游通勤圈, 旅游极化效应

Abstract:

Based on the platform of GIS, this article analyzes the effect of Harbin-Dalian high-speed railway to the tourist traffic network of the cities in Northeast China with establishing accessibility model. Then through modifying the gravity model , we analyzed the change of the cities' tourism economy from the aspects of time space compression effect, the formation of the high speed railway tourism belt, the spatial differentiation of the tourism commuter circle, and the effect of the tourism polarization. The result showed that: the time compression effect brought by the high speed rail has greatly strengthened the tourism traffic accessibility and tourism economy of the cities in Northeast China. The entire commuter circle compressed about 2 hours, the degree of the promotion present the phenomenon that the distance between cities and high speed railway become farther, the degree of the change become lower, the change outside of the province was more clear than that in the province, the change in the three provinces in northeastern area was more obvious than that in the eastern region of Inner Mongolia. Cities along the Harbin-Dalian high-speed railway obtained greater kinetic energy in the tourism development, then this will accelerate the formation of Harbin Dalian High-speed Rail tourism belt. One day and two days tour of the cities along the railway benefit significantly, but for the remote cities, seven days tour benefits obviously. Northeast tourism should take the high-speed rail as an opportunity to carefully develop Boutique tourist routes, and speed up the integration of tourism cooperation, create a new image of tourism in Northeast China. High speed rail makes the distribution of tourism market space appears ‘polarization effect’, although it improves the supply and demand efficiency of the tourism industry, it widened the gap between urban tourism, so it is not conducive to the coordination of tourism industry development. In the future, we should speed up the other high-speed rail line or branch construction and improve the net shaped layout to make more tourist cities and tourism spots into the high-speed rail commuter circle.

Key words: tourism accessibility, urban tourism economic ties, high speed rail tourism belt, tourism commuting circle, tourism polarization effect

中图分类号:

F532

郭建科, 王绍博, 李博, 彭飞, 王丹丹. 哈大高铁对东北城市旅游经济联系的空间影响[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(4): 521-529.

Jianke Guo, Shaobo Wang, Bo Li, Fei Peng, Dandan Wang. The Spatial Effect of Harbin-Dalian High-speed Rail to the Northeast City Tourism Economic Link[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2016, 36(4): 521-529.

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地区	辽宁省	吉林省	黑龙江省	内蒙东部	东北区域
开通前整体可达性（min）	212122	118888	211648.2	73334.75	615993
开通后整体可达性（min）	137125	93062	183186.6	58330.35	471705
整体可达性变化率（%）	35	21	13	20	23
开通前省内可达性（min）	28877	17498	52645.86	6060.65	105082
开通后省内可达性（min）	23667	16730	50853.57	6060.65	97312
省内可达性变化率（%）	18	4	3	0	7
开通前省际可达性（min）	183244	101389	159002	67274	510910
开通后省际可达性（min）	113457	76332	132333	52269	374392
省际可达性变化率（%）	38	24	16	22	26
开通前整体旅游经济联系（万人·亿元/min²）	6886	912	362	146	8308
开通后整体旅游经济联系（万人·亿元/min²）	12542	1960	934	244	15682
整体旅游经济联系变化量（万人·亿元/min²）	5655	1048	571	97	7374
开通前省内旅游经济联系（万人·亿元/min²）	5696	545	223	2	6467
开通后省内旅游经济联系（万人·亿元/min²）	10307	688	305	2	11303
省内旅游经济联系变化量（万人·亿元/min²）	4611	143	81	0.00	4836
开通前省际旅游经济联系（万人·亿元/min²）	1190	367	138	145	1841
开通后省际旅游经济联系（万人·亿元/min²）	2234	1271	629	242	4379
省际旅游经济联系变化量（万人·亿元/min²）	1044	904	490	97	2537

城市	一日游变化（%）	二日游变化（%）	七日游变化（%）	联系变化明显的 4座城市	城市类型
赤峰	0	16.7	9.5	大连、营口、鞍山、辽阳	高铁偏远城市
呼伦贝尔	0	48.5	37.6	大连、鞍山、营口、铁岭	高铁偏远城市
兴安盟	0	67.5	21.1	绥化、伊春、佳木斯、牡丹江	高铁偏远城市
长春	440	210	206	哈尔滨、大连、鞍山、铁岭	高铁沿线城市
哈尔滨	570	480	347	四平、铁岭、长春、沈阳	高铁沿线城市
大连	400	370	320	沈阳、鞍山、营口、辽阳	高铁沿线城市