地理科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4): 612-620.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.04.016

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1960~2013年中国沿海极端气温事件变化特征

黄小燕1(), 王小平1, 王劲松1, 冯建英1, 王圣杰2   

  1. 1. 中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,甘肃 兰州 730020
    2. 西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2015-03-12 修回日期:2015-06-05 出版日期:2016-07-21 发布日期:2016-07-21
  • 作者简介:

    作者简介:黄小燕(1984-),女,湖北宜城人,硕士,工程师,主要从事全球气候变化方面的研究工作。E-mail: xyhuang0529@sina.cn

  • 基金资助:
    公益性行业(气象)科研专项(重大专项)(GYHY201506001-4)、国家自然科学基金项目(41175081,41201370,31300376)、中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所干旱气象科学研究基金项目(IAM201412)、甘肃省自然科学基金项目(1208RJYA025)资助

Variation of Extreme Temperature Events in Coastal Region of China in 1960-2013

Xiaoyan Huang1(), Xiaoping Wang1, Jinsong Wang1, Jianying Feng1, Shengjie Wang2   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, Key Open Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of China Meteorological Administration, Institute of Arid Meteorology Lanzhou, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020, Gansu,China
    2. College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2015-03-12 Revised:2015-06-05 Online:2016-07-21 Published:2016-07-21
  • Supported by:
    China Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest (Major Projects) (GYHY201506001-4), National Nature Science Foundation of China (41175081, 41201370, 31300376), The Arid Meteorology Foundation of the Institute of Arid Meteorology of the China Meteorological (IAM201412), Nature Science Foundation of Gansu province (1208RJYA025)

摘要:

基于1960~2013年中国沿海110个地面气象站资料,分析了中国沿海极端气温事件的变化特征。结果表明:中国近54 a来月最高气温极小值(TXn)、极端最高温(TXx)、极端最低温(TNn)和月最低气温极大值(TNx)都呈上升趋势,其中极端最低气温上升幅度最大,升幅为0.40 ℃/10a。日较差(DTR)、冷昼日数(TX10p)和冷夜日数(TN10p)呈下降趋势,降幅分别为-0.12℃/10a、-0.7 d/10a和-2.19 d/10a,暖昼日数(TX90p)和暖夜日数(TN90p)呈显著上升趋势,升幅分别为1.31 d/10a和2.24 d/10a。SU25和TR20近30 a上升幅度分别为6.35 d/10a和5.28 d/10a。从空间变化来看TXn、TXx、TNn和TNx分别有97%、71%、97%和97%气象站呈上升趋势,大部分都通过了0.01水平的显著性检验。TX10p、TN10p和DTR分别有90%、99%和81%的气象站呈下降趋势。大部分极端气温指数变化趋势与纬度、经度和海拔有显著的相关性。极端气温指数在气候变暖突变前后也存在明显差异,TX10p、TN10p和DTR在气候变暖后明显减少,而其他指数则明显上升。

关键词: 中国沿海, 极端气温, 空间分布, 气候变化

Abstract:

Based on the data of 110 meteorological stations in coastal region of China in 1960-2013, the variation of extreme temperature indices was analyzed. The result showed that in the last 54 years the absolute indices, i.e., coldest day (TXn), warmest day (TXx), coldest night (TNn) and warmest night (TNx), have increased significantly, and TNn showed an increasing rate of 0.40℃ per decade. The diurnal temperature range (DTR), cool days (TX10p) and cool nights (TN10p) have decreased significantly by -0.12℃, -0.7 days and -2.19 days per decade, respectively. The percentile indices, including warm days (TX90p) and warm night (TN90p), have increased by 1.31 days and 2.24 days per decade, respectively. In the recent 30 years, summer days (SU25) and tropical nights (TR20) have increased by 6.35 days and 5.28 days per decade, respectively. For the spatial distribution of TXn, TXx, TNn and TNx, 97%, 71%, 97% and 97% of meteorological stations showed increasing trends during 1960-2013, respectively, and most stations are statistically significant at the 0.01 level. For TX10p, TN10p and DTR, the proportions of meteorological stations with decreasing trends are up to 90%, 99% and 81%, respectively. Most extreme temperature indices show a good correlation with latitude, longitude, and altitude. After the detected climate abrupt changes, TX10p, TN10p and DTR decreased, and the other indices increased significantly.

Key words: coastal region of China, temperature extremes, spatial distribution, climate change

中图分类号: 

  • P426.6