新疆天然水化学特征区域分异及其地质成因

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.05.019

地理科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 794-802.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.05.019

• • 上一篇

新疆天然水化学特征区域分异及其地质成因

刘永林^1,², 雒昆利¹(), 李玲¹, 徐永新¹, 张湜溪³, 田原¹

1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京100101
2. 重庆师范大学地理与旅游学院, 重庆401331
3. 清华大学化学系, 北京 100084

收稿日期:2015-01-02 修回日期:2015-03-12 出版日期:2016-07-20 发布日期:2016-07-20
作者简介:
作者简介：刘永林（1983-）,男,河南温县人,副教授,博士,主要研究方向为地质环境与健康。E-mail: liu3986130@163.com
基金资助:
国家973项目（2014CB238906）、国家自然基金项目（41172310、41472322）、中国科学院院地合作项目（XBXJ-2011-050）资助

Regional Differences and Geological Causes of Hydrochemistry of Natural Water in Xinjiang, China

Yonglin Liu^1,², Kunli Luo¹(), Ling Li¹, Yongxin Xu¹, Shixi Zhang³, Yuan Tian¹

1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2.Geography and Tourism College, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
3. Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received:2015-01-02 Revised:2015-03-12 Online:2016-07-20 Published:2016-07-20
Supported by:
The Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) (2014CB238906), The National Natural Science Foundation of China (41172310,41472322), The Academy-Locality Cooperation Program (Science and Technology to Support the Xinjiang) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XBXJ-2011-050)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究新疆天然水化学特征区域分异及成因,采集、分析和田地区51组天然水样,收集已发表的新疆其它地区天然水化学数据103组。数据说明：南疆天然水总溶解性固体（TDS)（1 589.4 mg/L）是北疆天然水（513.5 mg/L）的3.1倍;83.33%和89.59%的北疆天然水TDS和TH符合中国饮用水卫生标准,南疆天然水TDS和TH达标率分别为62.26%和70.75%。北疆天然水水化学类型主要为Ca-HCO₃和Ca·Mg-HCO₃·SO₄,南疆天然水水化学类型主要为Na·Ca-Cl·SO₄和Na·Mg-Cl·SO₄。南北疆天然水化学特征区域差异与南北疆地质构造分区重合。地质构造演化的不同,为南北疆天然水提供不同物源;水文气象差异加剧了其天然水化学组分差异。

关键词: 地质因素, 水化学特征, 区域分异, 气象因素, 新疆

Abstract:

To study the regional differences of hydrochemistry of natural water in Xinjiang, 51 natural water samples from Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang were collected and analyzed. 103 sets of data on natural hydrochemistry in other parts of Xinjiang were collected from published papers. The results showed that: total dissolved solid (TDS) in natural water from Southern Xinjiang(1 589.4 mg/L) was 3.1 times as high as that of Northern Xinjiang(513.5 mg/L). TDS and TH in 83.33% and 89.59%, respectively, of natural water samples from Northern Xinjiang were to the standards for drinking water quality, while the figures for natural water samples from South Xinjiang were 62.26% and 70.75% respectively. The water type in North Xinjiang were Ca-HCO₃ and Ca·Mg-HCO₃·SO₄mainly,while the water type in South Xinjiang were Na·Ca-Cl·SO₄ and Na·Mg-Cl·SO₄. The mean/average concentration of nitrate ion(NO₃^-) in natural water from North Xinjiang(5.2 mg/L) was higher than that of South Xinjiang(2.7 mg/L). Main conclusions: The significant regional differences of hydrochemistry between North Xinjiang and South Xinjiang coincided with tectonic division in Xinjiang. Regional differences of hydrochemistry of natural water in Xinjiang resulted from the interaction of geological factor, hydrometeorologic factor and human activities. Chemical constituents of natural water from Xinjiang were mainly determined by rock weathering and evaporation concentration. Chemical constituents of natural water from North Xinjiang were mainly from carbonatite and evaporite weathering. And chemical constituents of natural water from South Xinjiang were mainly from carbonatite, silicate minerals and evaporite weathering. The evolution of chemical constituents of natural water in North Xinjiang was less affected by evaporation concentration than that in South Xinjiang. In addition, NO₃^- concentration in natural water from Xinjiang was high, indicating that human activities also had an impact on the regional differences of hydrochemistry to some extent.

Key words: geological factors, hydrochemistry characteristics, regional differentiation, meteorological condition, Xinjiang

中图分类号:

P592

刘永林, 雒昆利, 李玲, 徐永新, 张湜溪, 田原. 新疆天然水化学特征区域分异及其地质成因[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(5): 794-802.

Yonglin Liu, Kunli Luo, Ling Li, Yongxin Xu, Shixi Zhang, Yuan Tian. Regional Differences and Geological Causes of Hydrochemistry of Natural Water in Xinjiang, China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2016, 36(5): 794-802.

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参数	最小值	最大值	平均值	中位数	文献[22]	超标率（%）
pH	6.4	8.5	7.9	8.0	6.5~8.5	1.96
TDS	282.9	4320.3	1004.4	833.6	1000	37.25
TH	98.6	1788.1	389.1	350.6	450	21.57
Ca²⁺	21.8	327.6	73.1	64.3	-
Mg²⁺	10.6	357.8	49.5	40.4	-
Na⁺	51.5	746.7	211.7	158.6	200	39.22
K⁺	4.1	84.6	17.5	12.3	-
HCO₃^-	119.6	663.8	277.2	203.3	-
SO₄²^-	53.7	904.7	270.4	190.1	250	33.33
Cl^-	16.1	1819.8	256.4	167.7	250	33.33
NO₃^-	0.1	19.1	3.1	1.9	10	5.88
SiO₂	4.7	19.7	12.6	12.0	-
F^-	0.0	4.4	1.2	0.9	1.0	37.25
Sr²⁺	0.3	5.5	1.4	1.3	≥0.2^[23]	100.00
Li⁺	0.0	1.8	0.3	0.1	≥0.2^[23]	39.22

	TDS^[5]			TH^[5]
	淡水（<1000mg/L）	咸水（1000~5000mg/L）	盐水（>5000mg/L）	极软水（<75mg/L）	软水（75~150mg/L）	中等硬水（150~300mg/L）	硬水（300~450mg/L）	极硬水（>450mg/L）
北疆	83.33%（40）	14.58%（7）	2.08%（1）	29.17%（14）	37.50%（18）	16.67%（8）	6.25%（3）	10.42%（5）
南疆	62.26%（66）	33.02%（35）	4.72%（5）	0.94%（1）	7.55%（8）	36.79%（39）	25.47%（27）	29.25%（31）

地点	样数（个）	pH	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Na⁺	K⁺	HCO₃^-	SO₄²^-	Cl^-	NO₃^-	SiO₂	TDS
新疆	154	7.8	59.2	51.7	218.2	15.8	188.4	314.9	287.3	3.95	-	1045.3
北疆^[20,21]	48	7.9	29.1	27.2	105.3	8.5	117.3	205.0	74.5	5.2	-	513.5
南疆^[18,19]	106	7.7	89.3	76.1	331.0	23.0	259.5	424.8	500.1	2.7	12.6	1589.4
和田	51	7.9	73.1	49.5	211.7	17.5	277.2	270.4	256.4	3.1	12.6	1004.4
西藏^[24]	57	7.6	55.3	18.7	34.9	3.1	169.7	54.7	47.7	-	12.6	311.9
巴丹吉林沙漠地下水^[25]	11	7.9	52.5	30.6	257.9	18.6	213.7	267.8	236.3	46.9	-	1017.5
巴丹吉林沙漠湖水^[25]	9	9.97	20	125	64190	4470	7320	15300	52900	-	40.59	140705.6
西江上游^[26]	51	8.1	21.1	9.5	4.5	1.8	166.6	23.0	2.4	7.1	6.1	158.8
长江流域^[27]	191	-	34.1	7.6	8.2*	-	133.8	11.7	2.9	-	2.9	134.3
淮河流域^[28]	52	7.4	45.0	21.5	87.3	6.7	142.6	106.9	81.4	9.5	8.4	438.0
珠江流域^[29]	109	-	38.4	4.5	2.1	0.1	132.0	7.7	1.2	-	6.0	126.0
黄河流域^[30]	100	8.1	44.9	22.4	60.0	3.5	200.1	83.2	46.9	7.4	18.0	386.4
埃塞俄比亚中央裂谷^[31]	41	8.1	19.6	5.3	1058.2	63.8	2326.8	62.5	360.0	8.4	-	2741.2
亚马逊河流域^[32]	124	-	12.0	1.7	3.9	1.2	43.9	4.0	3.9	0.6	9.0	58.3

地区	SI值	霰石	方解石	白云石	菱镁矿	石膏	岩盐
北疆	最小值	-2.82	-2.67	-6.32	-4.07	-3.72	-10.00
	最大值	1.01	1.16	2.89	1.30	-0.88	-4.74
	平均值	-0.67	-0.52	-1.74	-1.65	-1.82	-8.28
	SI>0（%）	12.50	18.75	12.50	8.33	0.00	0.00
南疆	最小值	-1.52	-1.37	-3.48	-2.70	-2.65	-9.07
	最大值	0.98	1.13	1.86	0.30	-0.01	-3.40
	平均值	-0.08	0.06	-0.35	-0.85	-1.28	-6.16
	SI>0（%）	58.88	66.36	53.27	7.48	0.00	0.00

新疆天然水化学特征区域分异及其地质成因

Regional Differences and Geological Causes of Hydrochemistry of Natural Water in Xinjiang, China

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