地理科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 794-802.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.05.019
• • 上一篇
刘永林1,2, 雒昆利1(), 李玲1, 徐永新1, 张湜溪3, 田原1
收稿日期:
2015-01-02
修回日期:
2015-03-12
出版日期:
2016-07-20
发布日期:
2016-07-20
作者简介:
作者简介:刘永林(1983-),男,河南温县人,副教授,博士,主要研究方向为地质环境与健康。E-mail:
基金资助:
Yonglin Liu1,2, Kunli Luo1(), Ling Li1, Yongxin Xu1, Shixi Zhang3, Yuan Tian1
Received:
2015-01-02
Revised:
2015-03-12
Online:
2016-07-20
Published:
2016-07-20
Supported by:
摘要:
为研究新疆天然水化学特征区域分异及成因,采集、分析和田地区51组天然水样,收集已发表的新疆其它地区天然水化学数据103组。数据说明:南疆天然水总溶解性固体(TDS)(1 589.4 mg/L)是北疆天然水(513.5 mg/L)的3.1倍;83.33%和89.59%的北疆天然水TDS和TH符合中国饮用水卫生标准,南疆天然水TDS和TH达标率分别为62.26%和70.75%。北疆天然水水化学类型主要为Ca-HCO3和Ca·Mg-HCO3·SO4,南疆天然水水化学类型主要为Na·Ca-Cl·SO4和Na·Mg-Cl·SO4。南北疆天然水化学特征区域差异与南北疆地质构造分区重合。地质构造演化的不同,为南北疆天然水提供不同物源;水文气象差异加剧了其天然水化学组分差异。
中图分类号:
刘永林, 雒昆利, 李玲, 徐永新, 张湜溪, 田原. 新疆天然水化学特征区域分异及其地质成因[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(5): 794-802.
Yonglin Liu, Kunli Luo, Ling Li, Yongxin Xu, Shixi Zhang, Yuan Tian. Regional Differences and Geological Causes of Hydrochemistry of Natural Water in Xinjiang, China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2016, 36(5): 794-802.
表1
新疆和田地区天然水化学组分统计特征(mg/L)"
参数 | 最小值 | 最大值 | 平均值 | 中位数 | 文献[22] | 超标率(%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH | 6.4 | 8.5 | 7.9 | 8.0 | 6.5~8.5 | 1.96 |
TDS | 282.9 | 4320.3 | 1004.4 | 833.6 | 1000 | 37.25 |
TH | 98.6 | 1788.1 | 389.1 | 350.6 | 450 | 21.57 |
Ca2+ | 21.8 | 327.6 | 73.1 | 64.3 | - | |
Mg2+ | 10.6 | 357.8 | 49.5 | 40.4 | - | |
Na+ | 51.5 | 746.7 | 211.7 | 158.6 | 200 | 39.22 |
K+ | 4.1 | 84.6 | 17.5 | 12.3 | - | |
HCO3- | 119.6 | 663.8 | 277.2 | 203.3 | - | |
SO42- | 53.7 | 904.7 | 270.4 | 190.1 | 250 | 33.33 |
Cl- | 16.1 | 1819.8 | 256.4 | 167.7 | 250 | 33.33 |
NO3- | 0.1 | 19.1 | 3.1 | 1.9 | 10 | 5.88 |
SiO2 | 4.7 | 19.7 | 12.6 | 12.0 | - | |
F- | 0.0 | 4.4 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 37.25 |
Sr2+ | 0.3 | 5.5 | 1.4 | 1.3 | ≥0.2[ | 100.00 |
Li+ | 0.0 | 1.8 | 0.3 | 0.1 | ≥0.2[ | 39.22 |
表2
新疆天然水TDS和TH统计特征"
TDS[ | TH[ | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
淡水 (<1000mg/L) | 咸水 (1000~5000mg/L) | 盐水 (>5000mg/L) | 极软水 (<75mg/L) | 软水 (75~150mg/L) | 中等硬水 (150~300mg/L) | 硬水 (300~450mg/L) | 极硬水 (>450mg/L) | |
北疆 | 83.33%(40) | 14.58%(7) | 2.08%(1) | 29.17%(14) | 37.50%(18) | 16.67%(8) | 6.25%(3) | 10.42%(5) |
南疆 | 62.26%(66) | 33.02%(35) | 4.72%(5) | 0.94%(1) | 7.55%(8) | 36.79%(39) | 25.47%(27) | 29.25%(31) |
表3
不同区域天然水中主要离子组成对比(mg/L)"
地点 | 样数(个) | pH | Ca2+ | Mg2+ | Na+ | K+ | HCO3- | SO42- | Cl- | NO3- | SiO2 | TDS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
新疆 | 154 | 7.8 | 59.2 | 51.7 | 218.2 | 15.8 | 188.4 | 314.9 | 287.3 | 3.95 | - | 1045.3 |
北疆[ | 48 | 7.9 | 29.1 | 27.2 | 105.3 | 8.5 | 117.3 | 205.0 | 74.5 | 5.2 | - | 513.5 |
南疆[ | 106 | 7.7 | 89.3 | 76.1 | 331.0 | 23.0 | 259.5 | 424.8 | 500.1 | 2.7 | 12.6 | 1589.4 |
和田 | 51 | 7.9 | 73.1 | 49.5 | 211.7 | 17.5 | 277.2 | 270.4 | 256.4 | 3.1 | 12.6 | 1004.4 |
西藏[ | 57 | 7.6 | 55.3 | 18.7 | 34.9 | 3.1 | 169.7 | 54.7 | 47.7 | - | 12.6 | 311.9 |
巴丹吉林沙漠地下水[ | 11 | 7.9 | 52.5 | 30.6 | 257.9 | 18.6 | 213.7 | 267.8 | 236.3 | 46.9 | - | 1017.5 |
巴丹吉林沙漠湖水[ | 9 | 9.97 | 20 | 125 | 64190 | 4470 | 7320 | 15300 | 52900 | - | 40.59 | 140705.6 |
西江上游[ | 51 | 8.1 | 21.1 | 9.5 | 4.5 | 1.8 | 166.6 | 23.0 | 2.4 | 7.1 | 6.1 | 158.8 |
长江流域[ | 191 | - | 34.1 | 7.6 | 8.2* | - | 133.8 | 11.7 | 2.9 | - | 2.9 | 134.3 |
淮河流域[ | 52 | 7.4 | 45.0 | 21.5 | 87.3 | 6.7 | 142.6 | 106.9 | 81.4 | 9.5 | 8.4 | 438.0 |
珠江流域[ | 109 | - | 38.4 | 4.5 | 2.1 | 0.1 | 132.0 | 7.7 | 1.2 | - | 6.0 | 126.0 |
黄河流域[ | 100 | 8.1 | 44.9 | 22.4 | 60.0 | 3.5 | 200.1 | 83.2 | 46.9 | 7.4 | 18.0 | 386.4 |
埃塞俄比亚中央裂谷[ | 41 | 8.1 | 19.6 | 5.3 | 1058.2 | 63.8 | 2326.8 | 62.5 | 360.0 | 8.4 | - | 2741.2 |
亚马逊河流域[ | 124 | - | 12.0 | 1.7 | 3.9 | 1.2 | 43.9 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 0.6 | 9.0 | 58.3 |
表4
南北疆天然水中主要矿物的饱和指数(SI)"
地区 | SI值 | 霰石 | 方解石 | 白云石 | 菱镁矿 | 石膏 | 岩盐 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
北疆 | 最小值 | -2.82 | -2.67 | -6.32 | -4.07 | -3.72 | -10.00 |
最大值 | 1.01 | 1.16 | 2.89 | 1.30 | -0.88 | -4.74 | |
平均值 | -0.67 | -0.52 | -1.74 | -1.65 | -1.82 | -8.28 | |
SI>0(%) | 12.50 | 18.75 | 12.50 | 8.33 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
南疆 | 最小值 | -1.52 | -1.37 | -3.48 | -2.70 | -2.65 | -9.07 |
最大值 | 0.98 | 1.13 | 1.86 | 0.30 | -0.01 | -3.40 | |
平均值 | -0.08 | 0.06 | -0.35 | -0.85 | -1.28 | -6.16 | |
SI>0(%) | 58.88 | 66.36 | 53.27 | 7.48 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
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