基于不同空间尺度的上海市装备制造业创新网络演化分析

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.08.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用国家重点产业专利信息服务平台,对1986~2012年上海市装备制造业合作发明专利数据进行检索,描绘了城市、区域和国家3个尺度上海市装备制造业的网络空间结构及其演变特征。研究发现,上海市装备制造业创新网络的演化具有明显的阶段性特征,不同因素在不同空间尺度对创新网络的结构演化影响不同。在国家尺度,城市创新能级是主体结网行为的主要影响因素,且随着时间的推进,其重要性越发明显,而地理距离在这之中并不起作用;在区域尺度,主体创新能级的重要性贯穿整个网络发展阶段,而地理邻近的重要性在后期才开始显现;在本地尺度,合作主体间的平均距离急剧缩减,地理邻近的重要性极为突出。最后,针对上海推动产业升级、建设科创中心提出了一些建议。

关键词: 创新网络, 演化, 装备制造业, 上海市

Abstract:

In recent years, the evolution analysis of innovation networks has been a hotspot in economic geography. Using the patent information services platform provided by State Intellectual Property Offices (SIPO)to search and manipulate the patents of Shanghai equipment manufacturing industry from 1986 to 2012, this article depicts spatial structure and evolution characteristics of innovation networks at local, regional and national scales. We find that the evolution of innovation networks of Shanghai equipment manufacturing industry has obvious changing features from 1986 to 2012, the relative importance of innovation cooperation at local, regional and national scales has endured a large change in the early stage, but with the development and evolution of the industry, the spatial structure of the network has become more stable after 2002. The local cooperation was significantly improved the regional cooperation has been rise slowly. In the meantime, the cooperation at national scale has been held in acrucial position. Overall, the relative importance of innovation cooperation is each scale is local, national and regional. Moreover, the different factors have different effects on the evolution of the innovation network at different spatial scales. At the national scale, the technological level of urban innovation is main influencing factors on networking behavior, and its importance becomes more and more obvious. The geographic proximity is ineffective, and the spatial structure of innovation network is characterized as hierarchical diffusion according to the technology level of cities. At the regional scale, the importance of technological level runs through the entire network development stage, and geographic proximity began to emerge at the later stage, the spatial structure of innovation network is characterized both hierarchical diffusion and expansion diffusion. At the local scale, the average distance between actors is rapidly shrinking and the geographic proximity is very importance, the spatial structure of innovation network is characterized as expansion diffusion. Based on the empirical research, we give some suggestions for promoting industrial upgrading and construction of technology and innovation center of Shanghai: Shanghai is a frontier city of China's economic development and technology innovation, the local government should not only advocate the development strategy of regional growth, but also actively explore the cross-regional link ages with the cities which have higher innovation capacity; At the regional level, we think the argument unabashedly emphasis the large enterprises as a guiding principle for whole equipment manufacturing industrial chain are biased, promoting the clusters especially the high-tech park and university science park are crucial to the industry upgrading. Of course, the advantage of network visualization can turned the abstract description to quantitative analysis, but it does not involve the mechanism of network evolution. Therefore, we would exploreitbased on questionnaire survey and enterprise interview in future.

Key words: innovation networks, evolution, equipment manufacturingindustry, Shanghai City

中图分类号:

F224

马双, 曾刚, 吕国庆. 基于不同空间尺度的上海市装备制造业创新网络演化分析[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(8): 1155-1164.

Shuang Ma, Gang Zeng, Guoqing Lyu. The Space-time Evolutionof Innovation Network of Shanghai Equipment Manufacturing Industry at Different Spatial Scales[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2016, 36(8): 1155-1164.

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	2014年装备制造企业 100强（家）	2014年理工科院校 50强（所）
京津	19	10
珠三角	4	1
辽宁	5	3
成昆	4	5
武汉	2	3
合计	34	22

演化阶段（年）	装备制造企业			高校和科研机构
演化阶段（年）	名称	联系次数	平均距离（km）	名称	联系次数	平均距离（km）
1986~2002	宝山钢铁股份有限公司	22	14.42	华东理工大学	24	17.22
	上海高桥石油化工公司	8	23.46	同济大学	10	21.25
	中国石油化工总公司上海石油化工总厂	7	24.09	上海交通大学	7	25.32
	上海建筑涂料厂	6	12.92	复旦大学	4	5.92
	上海新新机器厂	5	13.26	中科院上海技术物理研究所	4	14.67
2003~2006	上海华虹（集团）有限公司	72	1.53	上海交通大学	75	23.16
	上海集成电路研发中心有限公司	71	1.31	华东理工大学	72	17.09
	宝山钢铁股份有限公司	21	21.92	复旦大学	46	10.9
	上海联能科技有限公司	19	15.20	上海大学	43	15.61
	中国石化上海石油化工股份有限公司	13	35.64	中国科学院上海药物研究所	26	6.41
2007~2012	宝山钢铁股份有限公司	84	25.50	上海交通大学	284	23.32
	上海翼飞燃气设备科技有限公司	66	0.50	华东理工大学	177	16.04
	上海中油企业集团有限公司	66	0.50	东华大学	150	25.08
	上海睿兔电子材料有限公司	53	27.1	上海大学	147	14.30
	上海市电力公司	44	29.29	同济大学	105	11.50