基于市级尺度的中国城乡协调发展空间演化

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.08.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于城市中观尺度,以中国333个城市数据为基础,运用多维变量测度中国城乡协调度及空间差异,并对其演变因素进行分析,主要得出如下结论：① 2004~2014年间,中国城市尺度下的城乡协调度总体呈上升趋势。② 城乡相关系数整体上在波动中呈递减趋势;城乡收入差异相对较大;城乡增长率逐渐缩小,且呈现倒U型。③ 中协调区的空间格局占多数,且中协调区和低协调区具有扩大的趋势。④ 中国城乡协调度存在区域间差异：东部地区协调度表现为上下波动,且增长趋势不明显;而中部地区、西部地区和东北地区整个研究时段的城乡协调度则呈现倒U型。⑤ 改革开放程度和经济发展水平愈高,其城乡相关系数、城乡收入差异、城乡增长率差异和城乡协调度排名相对愈好。⑥ 中国城乡协调度在时间和空间上的演化因素多与中国当前政策、经济因素有关。

关键词: 城乡协调发展, 空间格局, 演化, 城市尺度, 中国

Abstract:

With the perspective on urban scale, and based on the multi-dimension data from 333 Chinese cities, the article computes the Urban-rural coordination degree, space differences and evolution in China. By analyzing the factors which contribute to such evolution, the article makes the following conclusions: 1) Under urban and rural scale, coordination degree U in China keeps an upward trend from 2004 to 2014. 2) Urban-rural correlation coefficient as a whole presents an inverted U-shaped curve, showing a trend of fluctuation decline and resembling relatively large Urban-rural income gap; Urban-rural growth rate gradually reduces. 3) Spatial pattern of moderate coordination Urban-rural area are in majority, and moderate coordination Urban-rural area and lower coordination Urban-rural area keeps a trend of expanding. 4) China’s Urban-rural coordinated degree remains different between regions: Eastern Regional Coordinating degree U had fluctuations and no obvious growth trends were found; Urban-rural coordinated degree in the region of central China, western China and northeastern China shows an inverted U-shape in the whole study period. 5) The higher the degree of reform and opening up and economic development level, the higher the ranking of its Urban-rural correlation coefficient, Urban-rural income disparities, Urban-rural growth rate disparities and urban-rural coordination. 6) China’s current policy and economic situation, in terms of time and space, contribute more to the evolution of Chinese urban-rural coordination.

Key words: urban-rural coordinated development, spatial pattern, evolution, urban scale, China

中图分类号:

TU982.29

张立生. 基于市级尺度的中国城乡协调发展空间演化[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(8): 1165-1171.

Lisheng Zhang. Spatial Evolution in China’s Urban-rural Coordinated Development: A Case Study Based on Urban Scale Data[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2016, 36(8): 1165-1171.

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时间	数据说明	来源
2005~2015年	城镇居民人均可支配收入、农村家庭人均纯收入	《中国城市统计年鉴》^[26]
2005~2015年	城镇人口、乡村人口（缺失数据采用邻近年份替补）	《中国统计年鉴》^[27]、《中国区域经济统计年鉴》^[28]

	2004年	2005年	2006年	2007年	2008年	2009年	2010年	2011年	2012年	2013年	2014年
城乡相关系数	0.803	0.754	0.765	0.350	0.481	0.722	0.467	0.792	0.779	0.352	0.358
城乡增长差异	1.040	1.082	1.081	1.038	1.128	1.146	1.192	1.142	1.086	1.008	1.033
城乡增长率差异	-0.996	-0.899	-0.361	1.111	0.027	0.190	-0.457	-0.074	-0.071	-0.961	-1.066

	2004年	2005年	2006年	2007年	2008年	2009年	2010年	2011年	2012年	2013年	2014年
城乡相关系数	0.000	0.110	0.085	1.000	0.7126	0.069	0.744	0.025	0.054	0.998	0.985
城乡增长差异	0.171	0.398	0.397	0.160	0.649	0.752	1.000	0.726	0.423	0.000	0.136
城乡增长率差异	0.032	0.077	0.324	1.000	0.502	0.577	0.280	0.455	0.457	0.048	0.000
实测值Z	0.068	0.195	0.268	0.720	0.621	0.466	0.674	0.402	0.311	0.348	0.373
S²						0.038
城乡协调度U	0.048	0.309	0.611	0.070	0.285	0.904	0.143	1.000	0.793	0.920	0.975

年份	东部地区				中部地区				西部地区				东北地区
年份	城乡相关系数		城乡收入差距		城乡增长率差异		城乡相关系数	城乡收入差距	城乡增长率差异	城乡相关系数	城乡收入差距	城乡增长率差异	城乡相关系数	城乡收入差距	城乡增长率差异
2004	0.890	0.783	0.049		0.548	1.098	0.572		0.496	1.126	-0.021		0.335	0.662	1.186
2005	0.842	0.806	0.290		0.518	1.187	0.036		0.421	1.135	0.377		0.429	0.702	1.126
2006	0.868	0.872	-0.020		0.633	1.197	0.191		0.336	1.145	0.335		0.371	0.535	0.026
2007	0.250	0.798	0.061		0.525	1.125	0.308		0.430	1.287	0.350		0.304	0.478	0.136
2008	0.695	0.894	0.035		0.674	1.208	-0.106		0.321	1.329	0.065		0.350	0.772	0.175
2009	0.701	0.901	0.213		0.680	1.173	0.118		0.579	1.391	0.078		0.470	0.781	0.444
2010	0.838	0.926	-0.036		0.694	1.192	-0.213		0.565	1.472	-0.180		0.473	0.810	-0.279
2011	0.762	0.845	-0.054		0.760	1.158	-0.034		0.559	1.427	-0.113		0.580	0.776	0.134
2012	0.768	0.809	-0.113		0.787	1.048	-0.132		0.567	1.384	-0.243		0.288	0.751	0.972
2013	0.840	0.809	0.232		0.804	1.027	0.040		0.573	1.271	-0.145		0.396	0.487	0.865
2014	0.850	0.876	0.251		0.804	1.040	0.068		0.601	1.270	-0.124		0.568	0.514	0.703
平均	0.753	0.848	0.083		0.676	1.132	0.077		0.495	1.294	0.035		0.415	0.661	0.499
平均协调度U		0.530		0.490				0.482			0.551