长白山苔原带优势植物种的分布格局及其关联性研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.08.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过开展植被样方调查,确定苔原带的主要优势种,分析优势种的分布格局及其关联性,从地理角度分析长白山苔原带植被变化特征。研究表明：① 长白山苔原带8个优势种中,草本植物已占6个。灌木中牛皮杜鹃（Rhododendron chrysanthum）依然为最主要的优势种,但笃斯越橘（Vaccinium uliginosum）的优势地位已被草本的小白花地榆（Sanguisorba parviflora）取代。草本植物聚集程度强,苔原植被存在草甸化趋势。② 除牛皮杜鹃与大白花地榆（Sanguisorba stipulata）之间存在较显著的负联结,排它现象明显外,多种优势种之间存在正联结,有弱的伴生现象,牛皮杜鹃和小白花地榆为强正联结,伴生现象更明显,草本植物与灌木伴生将长期存在。③ 各草本植物入侵、定植、扩展机制多样。小白花地榆分布广,聚集程度较弱,以种子繁殖为主,扩展速度较快;大白花地榆、小叶章（Calamagrostis angustifolia）等聚集程度较强,以无性繁殖为主,扩展速度较慢,但竞争能力强,在适宜生境中,能驱除其它物种。

关键词: 长白山, 苔原带, 优势种, 分布格局, 关联性

Abstract:

Ecological environment and plant community has changed obviously to tundra zone in western slope of the Changbai Mountains during the last three decades. The space of herbaceous plant extended obviously, but the distribution range of shrub atrophied. In order to explore the tundra vegetation change characteristic from the perspective of geography, we carried out vegetation investigation to reveal the change, spatial distribution pattern and associations of the main dominant species of tundra zone in the Changbai Mountains. The results showed that: 6 dominant plant species are herbaceous plant among the 8 dominant plant species in the tundra zone of the Changbai Mountains. Although Rhododendron chrysanthum is still the main dominant plant species of shrubs and has a higher species abundance, a lower aggregation degree and occupies most habitats, but the dominant position of Vaccinium uliginosum has declined, living space has reduced. Sanguisorba parviflora has a high species-abundance, a low degree of aggregation. Sanguisorba parviflora and Rhododendron chrysanthum was significantly positively associated, and Sanguisorba parviflora became a strong extension of herbaceous plant. Herbaceous plants such as Sanguisorba stipulata and Calamagrostis angustifolia have a high degree of aggregation, present patch distribution, and have occupied part of habitats. The tundra vegetation of the Changbai Mountains has the trend of meadowization. Among mostly dominant plants showed a low correlation and had a higher degree of aggregation. It illustrates that each dominate plant specie has different choice of habitats and the pressure of distribution change get small because of inter-specific competition, so the change of tundra vegetation has stabilized. Except Rhododendron chrysanthum and Sanguisorba stipulata showed a significant negative correlation and had a obviously exclusive phenomenon. Among several dominant plant species showed a positive correlation and had a slight attendant phenomenon. Rhododendron chrysanthum and Sanguisorba parviflora showed a significant positive correlation and attendant phenomenon. It is visible that herbaceous plant and shrubs associated will exist for a long time. The herbaceous plant has a diverse invasion, colonization, and expansible mechanism. Sanguisorba parviflora has wide distribution, a low aggregation degree, because the predominant propagation mode of Sanguisorba parviflora was seed reproduces, it should have a faster extended speed. The predominant propagation mode of Sanguisorba stipulata and Calamagrostis angustifolia was asexual, their extended speed is slower, but inter-specific competition ability was stronger, in adaptation habitats, they can get rid of other species effectively.

Key words: the Changbai Mountains, alpine tundra, dominant species, distribution pattern, association

中图分类号:

Q948

靳英华, 许嘉巍, 刘丽娜, 贺红士, 陶岩, 宗盛伟, 杜海波, 王雷, 朱瑞帅. 长白山苔原带优势植物种的分布格局及其关联性研究[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(8): 1212-1218.

Yinghua Jin, Jiawei Xu, Lina Liu, Hongshi He, Yan Tao, Shengwei Zong, Haibo Du, Lei Wang, Ruishuai Zhu. Spatial Distribution Pattern and Associations of Dominant Plant Species in the Alpine Tundra of the Changbai Mountains[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2016, 36(8): 1212-1218.

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控制点	纬度	经度	海拔（m）
样带西南角	41.9895°N	128.0031°E	2073
样带西北角	41.9900°N	128.0023°E	2080
样带东南角	41.9931°N	128.0190°E	2293
样带东北角	41.9938°N	128.0187°E	2322

	B种
A种	出现	不出现	合计
出现	a	b	a+b
不出现	c	d	c+d
合计	a+c	b+d	N=a+b+c+d

序号		总株数	相对密度(RD)	相对盖度(RC)	相对频度(RF)	重要值(IV)
1	牛皮杜鹃	7028	30.12	24.08	7.48	20.56
2	大白花地榆	2281	9.78	11.57	5.30	8.88
3	小白花地榆	2583	11.07	7.21	7.48	8.59
4	小叶章	1872	8.02	8.30	3.95	6.76
5	单花橐吾	1080	4.63	4.83	4.62	4.70
6	高岭风毛菊	747	3.20	3.18	5.04	3.81
7	笃斯越橘	635	2.72	5.63	2.52	3.62
8	长白老鹳草	661	2.83	2.08	4.29	3.07

植物种名	DI	T_检验	K	格局类型	多度
牛皮杜鹃	53.85	126.44	1.02	聚集	53.24
大白花地榆	43.69	104.52	0.4	聚集	17.28
小白花地榆	21.60	51.67	0.97	聚集	19.57
小叶章	57.95	138.64	0.25	聚集	14.18
单花橐吾	37.23	89.07	0.23	聚集	8.18
高岭风毛菊	16.13	38.59	0.38	聚集	5.66
笃斯越橘	50.47	120.74	0.1	聚集	4.81
长白老鹳草	19.61	46.91	0.27	聚集	5

	牛皮杜鹃	大白花地榆	小白花地榆	小叶章	单花橐吾	高岭风毛菊	笃斯越橘
大白花地榆	27.009 -
小白花地榆	65.362 +	27.525 -
小叶章	1.877 -	9.765 +	1.608 -
单花橐吾	8.161 +	25.369 +	7.040 -	0.191 +
高岭风毛菊	19.166 +	35.965 -	21.018 +	14.582 -	7.071-
笃斯越橘	5.460+	33.015 -	6.819 +	0.896 -	25.557 -	5.982 +
长白老鹳草	3.804 +	1.889 -	8.945 +	0.015 +	0.054 +	13.720 +	0.002 +