地理科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (8): 1269-1276.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.08.019
李小妹1,2(), 严平1,3(
), 吴伟1,3, 钱瑶1,3
收稿日期:
2015-07-24
修回日期:
2015-11-05
出版日期:
2016-08-20
发布日期:
2016-08-20
作者简介:
作者简介:李小妹(1979-),女,安徽定远人,博士,主要从事干旱区地貌研究。E-mail:
基金资助:
Xiaomei Li1,2(), Ping Yan1,3(
), Wei Wu1,3, Yao Qian1,3
Received:
2015-07-24
Revised:
2015-11-05
Online:
2016-08-20
Published:
2016-08-20
Supported by:
摘要:
通过对克里雅河流域的实地考察、地形测量、取样,分析其流经沙漠过渡带地表沉积物的粒度、化学元素的空间分布,得出以下结论:河流—沙漠过渡带地表沉积物的粒度组成以>2 φ的粒径为主,粒度特征明显表现出风成特点;化学组成上以Si、Al为主,和上陆壳平均化学组成相比,除Ca、Co、As外都有一定的亏损;不同河段自上游至下游,在不同动力条件下,地表物质粒度特征表现出河漫滩砂与阶地风成砂呈相反的递变趋势;不同河段A-CN-K图解及CIA揭示了克里雅河不同河段地表物质化学风化程度均很低,处于较弱的去Na、Ca阶段,其他元素未发生明显的化学风化或迁移,不同河段化学风化程度差异与物源及地貌格局息息相关;同一河段不同地貌单元,随距河道远近不同,粒度特征与化学风化程度呈现出一定的递变规律;克里雅河平均粒径与一些元素的相关性,说明粒径大小与表征化学风化程度数值的大小有一定关系。总之,在不同空间尺度上,克里雅河地表沉积物理化学特征的分异实质上反映风动力和水动力的差异性分选。
中图分类号:
李小妹, 严平, 吴伟, 钱瑶. 克里雅河中下游流域地表沉积物的粒度与化学元素空间分布[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(8): 1269-1276.
Xiaomei Li, Ping Yan, Wei Wu, Yao Qian. Spatial Distribution Characteristics of the Grain Size and Geochemical Elements of Surface Sediments in the Keriya River[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2016, 36(8): 1269-1276.
表1
克里雅河及其断面的颗粒物组成平均含量与平均粒度参数"
断面 | 各粒级含量(%) | Mz(Φ) | δ1(Φ) | SK1 | KG | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
粘土 | 粉砂 | 极细砂 | 细砂 | 中砂 | 粗砂 | |||||
KR01 | 0.288 | 21.323 | 49.529 | 24.322 | 4.036 | 0.503 | 3.409 | 0.773 | 0.023 | 1.085 |
KR02 | 0.124 | 17.673 | 50.487 | 28.675 | 2.797 | 0.245 | 3.34 | 0.690 | 0.029 | 1.028 |
KR03 | 0.137 | 20.056 | 48.759 | 24.059 | 5.438 | 1.551 | 3.32 | 0.760 | -0.006 | 1.020 |
KR04 | 2.150 | 38.245 | 30.840 | 21.625 | 6.385 | 0.756 | 3.94 | 1.120 | 0.082 | 1.073 |
全部样品平均 | 0.699 | 25.640 | 44.17 | 23.550 | 4.640 | 0.760 | 3.515 | 0.871 | 0.065 | 1.105 |
[1] | Langford R P.Fluvial-aeolian interactions:Part I Modern systems[J]. Sedimentology, 1989, 36: 1023-1035. |
[2] |
Lancaster N.Response of eolian geomorphic systems to minor climate change:Examples from the southern Californian deserts[J]. Geomorphology, 1997, 19: 333-347.
doi: 10.1016/S0169-555X(97)00018-4 |
[3] |
Bullard J E, Mctainsh G H.Aeolian-fluvial interactions in dryland environments:examples,concepts,and Australia case study[J]. Progress in Physical Geography, 2003, 27: 471-501.
doi: 10.1191/0309133303pp386ra |
[4] |
Bullard J E, Livingstone I.Interactions between aeolian and fluvial systems in dryland environments[J]. Area, 2002, 34: 8-16.
doi: 10.1111/1475-4762.00052 |
[5] |
Ravi S, Breshears D D, Huxman T E et al. land degradation in drylands:interactions among hydrologic-aeolian erosion and vegetation dynamics[J]. Geomorphology, 2010, 116: 236-245.
doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.11.023 |
[6] |
Draut A E.Effects of river regulation on aeolian landscapes,Colorado River,southwestern USA[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2012: F02022.
doi: 10.1029/2011JF002329 |
[7] |
李小妹, 严平. 中国北方地区沙漠与河流景观格局[J]. 地理科学进展, 2014, 33(9): 1198-1208.
doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2014.09.007 |
[Li Xiaomei, Yan Ping.Landscape pattern characteristics of deserts and rivers in Northern China. Progress in Geography, 2014, 33(9): 1198-1208.]
doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2014.09.007 |
|
[8] | Yan P, Li X M, Ma Y F, et al. . |
[9] |
El-Baz F, Maingue M, Robinson C.Fluvio-aeolian dynamics in the north-eastern Sahara:the relationship between fluvial/aeolian systems and ground-water concentration[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 2000, 44: 173-183.
doi: 10.1006/jare.1999.0581 |
[10] |
Lancaster N.How dry was dry?-Late Pleistocene palaeoclimates in the Namib Desert[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2002, 21: 769-782.
doi: 10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00126-3 |
[11] |
Chen J, An Z S, Lin L W, et al. Variation in chemical compositions of the eolian dust in Chinese Loess Plateau over the past 2.5 Ma and chemical weathering in the Asian inland[J]. Science in China (Series D), 2001, 31(2): 136-145.
doi: 10.1007/BF02909779 |
[12] |
Ohta T, Arai H.Statistical empirical index of chemical weathering in igneous rocks: A new tool for evaluating the degree of weathering[J]. Chemical Geology, 2007, 240(3/4): 280-297.
doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.02.017 |
[13] |
Yang X P W X, variation of the dune fields in semi-arid northern China:with a special reference to the Hunshandake Sandy Land. Inner Mongolia[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2013, 78: 369-380.
doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.02.006 |
[14] | Nesbitt H. Young G.Petro Genesis of sediments in the absence of chemical weathering:effects of abrasion and sorting on bulk composition and mineralogy[J]. Sedimentlogy, 1996, 43: 341-358. |
[15] | 徐志伟, 鹿化煜, 赵存法, 等. 库姆塔格沙漠地表物质组成、来源和风化过程[J]. 地理学报, 2010, 65(1): 53-64. |
[Xu Zhiwei, Lu Huayu,Zhao Cunfa et al. Composition,origin and weathering process of surface sediment in kumtagh desert,northwest China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2010, 65(1): 53-64.] | |
[16] | 杨小平, 刘东生. 距今30 Ka前后我国西北沙漠地区古环境. 第四纪研究[J], 2003, 23(1): 25-30. |
[Yang Xiaoping, Liu Dongsheng.Palaeoenvironments in desert regions of northwest China around 30 ka B.P. Quaternary Sciences, 2003, 23(1): 25-30.] | |
[17] |
Yang X P, Zhu Z D, Jaekel Det al. Late quaternary palaeoenvironment change and landscape evolution along the keriya river,Xinjiang,China: the relationship between high mountain glaciation and landscape evolution in foreland desert regions[J]. Quaternary International, 2002, 97-8: 155-166.
doi: 10.1016/S1040-6182(02)00061-7 |
[18] | 新疆克里雅河及塔克拉玛干科学探险考察队. 克里雅河及塔克拉玛干科学探险考察报告[M]. 北京: 中国科学技术出版社, 1991. |
[Scientific Exploration Team on Keliya River and Taklamakan Desert in Xinjiang. The report of scientific exploration and investigation in the Keliya River valley and the Taklamakan Desert. Beijing: Press of Science and Technology of China, 1991.] | |
[19] | Muhs D R.Mineralogical maturity in dune fields of North America, Africa and Australia[J]. Geomorphology, 2004, 59: 247-269. |
[20] |
Nesbitt H W, Young G M.Early proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites[J]. Nature, 1982, 299: 715-717.
doi: 10.1038/299715a0 |
[21] |
冯连君, 储雪蕾, 张启锐, 等. 化学蚀变指数(CIA)及其在新元古代碎屑岩中的应用[J]. 地学前缘, 2003, 10(4): 540-543.
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-2321.2003.04.019 |
[Feng Lianjun,Chu Xuelei, Zhang Qirui et al. CIA ( Chemical index of ateration) and its appijications in the neoproterozoic clastic rocks. Earth Science Frontiers, 2003,10(4): 540-543.]
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-2321.2003.04.019 |
|
[22] | Mclennan S M.Weathering and global denudation[J]. Journal of Geology, 1993, 101: 295-303. |
[23] |
Cox R.The influence of sediment recycling and basement composition on evolution of mudrock chemistry in the southwestern United States[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1995, 59: 2919-2940.
doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(95)00185-9 |
[24] |
张玉芬, 李长安, 熊德强, 等. “巫山黄土”氧化物地球化学特征与古气候记录[J]. 中国地质, 2013, 40(1): 352-360.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3657.2013.01.025 |
[Zhang Yufen, Li Changan, Xiong Deqiang et al. Oxide geochemical characteristics and paleoclimate records of "Wushan loess". Geology in China, 2013, 40(1): 352-360.]
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3657.2013.01.025 |
|
[25] |
Nolting R F, Ramkema A, Everaarts J M.The geochemistry of Cu,Cd,Zn,Ni and Pb in sediment cores from the continental slope of the Banc d'Arguin(Mauritania)[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 1999, 19: 665-691.
doi: 10.1016/S0278-4343(98)00109-5 |
[26] |
Rahn K A.A graphical teehnique for determining major components in a mixed aerosol.I.Descriptive aspects[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1999, 33: 1441-1455.
doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00252-0 |
[27] | 谢远云, 孟杰, 郭令芬, 等. 地球化学组成在不同粒级中的分布特征[J]. 地理科学, 2012, 32(11): 1398-1403. |
[Xie Yuanyun, Meng Jie, Guo Lingfen et al. The Distribution of Geochemical Composition in Different Grain-size Fractions:a Case Study of Road Surface Soils in Harbin City.Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2012, 32(11): 1398-1403.] | |
[28] | 陈英勇, 李徐生, 韩志勇, 等. 镇江下蜀土剖面的化学风化强度与元素迁移特征[J]. 地理学报:英文版, 2008, 18(3): 341-352. |
[Chen Yingyong, Li Xusheng, Han Zhiyong et al. Chemical weathering intensity and element migration features of the Xiashu loess profile in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2008, 18(3): 341-352.] | |
[29] |
Honda M, Geochemical S H.Mineralogical and sedimentological studies on the taklimakan desert sands[J]. Sedimentology, 1998, 45(6): 1125-1143.
doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3091.1998.00202.x |
[30] | Cullers R L, Podkovyrov V M.The source and origin of terrigenous sedimentary rocks in the Mesoproterozoic Ui group,southeastern Russia[J]. Precambrian Research, 2002, 117: 157-1183. |
[31] |
陈旸, 陈骏, 刘连文. 甘肃西峰晚第三纪红粘土的化学组成及化学风化特征[J]. 地质力学学报, 2001, 7(2): 167-175 .
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6616.2001.02.012 |
Chemical composition and characterization of chemical weathering of late tertiary red clay in Xifeng, Gansu Province. Journal of Geomechanics, 2001, 7(2): 167-175.]
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6616.2001.02.012 |
|
[32] |
Újvári G. Varga A.Balogh-Brunstad Z.origin,weathering, and geochemical composition of loess in southwestern Hungary[J]. Quaternary Research, 2008, 69(3): 421-437.
doi: 10.1016/j.yqres.2008.02.001 |
[1] | 王兆夺, 黄春长, 杨红瑾, 庞奖励, 查小春, 周亚利. 六盘山东麓晚更新世以来黄土粒度指示的物源特征及演变[J]. 地理科学, 2018, 38(5): 818-826. |
[2] | 杨林, 董玉祥, 黄德全, 张雪琴, 杜建会. 海岸沙席形态及近表层沉积物粒度对台风的响应[J]. 地理科学, 2017, 37(8): 1243-1250. |
[3] | 韩光中. 3种水稻土时间序列黏粒矿物的组合特征与物源指示意义[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(8): 1277-1284. |
[4] | 陈永林, 谢炳庚, 李晓青. 长沙市土地利用格局变化的空间粒度效应[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(4): 564-570. |
[5] | 舒培仙, 李保生, 牛东风, 王丰年, 温小浩, 司月君, 陈琼. 毛乌素沙漠东南缘滴哨沟湾剖面DGS1层段粒度特征及其指示的全新世气候变化[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(3): 448-457. |
[6] | 张凌华, 张振克, 符跃鑫, 陈影影, 蒋大亮, 张志荣, 蒋松柳. 长江下游南京-镇江河段河漫滩粒度特征[J]. 地理科学, 2015, 35(9): 1183-1190. |
[7] | 陈影影, 张振克, 徐华夏, 张凌华, 赵一飞, 张云峰, 符跃鑫. 沿海不同年限围垦区土壤剖面有机碳同位素与粒度特征——以江苏省东台市为例[J]. 地理科学, 2015, 35(6): 782-789. |
[8] | 高文华, 高抒, 王丹丹, 赵秧秧, 朱冬, 许振. 废黄河沉积记录中来自不同河流物质的信息——基于重矿物与地球化学元素分析[J]. 地理科学, 2015, 35(12): 1631-1639. |
[9] | 徐利强, 徐芳, 周涛发. 巢湖沉积物粒度特征及其沉积学意义[J]. 地理科学, 2015, 35(10): 1318-1324. |
[10] | 郭永强, 黄春长, 庞奖励, 尚瑞清, 周亚利. 汉江上游现代大洪水滞流沉积物的粒度分布特征研究[J]. 地理科学, 2014, 34(11): 1369-1376. |
[11] | 杨岩岩, 刘连友, 屈志强, 张国明. 新月形沙丘研究进展[J]. 地理科学, 2014, 34(1): 76-83. |
[12] | 庞奖励, 乔晶, 黄春长, 查小春, 周亚利. 前处理过程对汉江上游谷地“古土壤”粒度测试结果的影响研究[J]. 地理科学, 2013, 33(6): 748-754. |
[13] | 周华, 廖富强, 徐明星, 周生路, 吴绍华. 连云港藤花落遗址土壤粒度及重金属累积特征[J]. 地理科学, 2013, 33(3): 349-355. |
[14] | 舒强, 陈晔, 赵志军, 张茂恒. 江淮平原地区晚冰期以来的气候与环境变化记录[J]. 地理科学, 2013, 33(11): 1377-1382. |
[15] | 王丰年, 李保生, 王江龙, 牛东风, 温小浩, 李志文, 司月君, 杜恕环. 萨拉乌苏河流域MGS2层段粒度与CaCO3记录的千年尺度气候变化[J]. 地理科学, 2012, 32(5): 596-602. |
|