河南省基本公共服务质量空间格局与空间效应研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.10.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

构建基本公共服务质量评价指标体系,对河南省基本公共服务水平和空间格局特征进行了分析,最后采用空间杜宾模型研究了基本公共服务的空间溢出效应与影响因素。研究发现：① 2005~2014年河南省各市基本公共服务水平呈不同程度的上升趋势,但整体水平不高;空间格局上呈自西北向东南衰减的半环带圈层结构。② 基本公共服务在市际尺度上具有显著的全局与局部自相关特征,随时间呈现集聚-分散-集聚的演变模式;高高集聚与低低集聚的空间俱乐部趋同特征明显。③ 空间杜宾模型检验表明基本公共服务空间上存在溢出效应;城镇化水平、地方政府财政支出能力、地方经济发展活力对基本公共服务具有正向促进作用。

关键词: 基本公共服务, 河南省, 空间格局, 空间溢出效应

Abstract:

Basic public service is the foundation of maintaining social fairness and justice. It is of significance to build a comprehensively well-off society by establishing and perfecting the basic public service system and promoting the equal basic public service. By establishing the evaluation system of basic public service, this article evaluated the level of basic public service in Henan Province, then analyzed the spatial pattern of basic public service quality by using the spatial autocorrelation method, and finally studied the spatial spillover effects and the influence factors of basic public service by using Spatial Durbin Model. The results show that, 1) The level of basic public service quality in cities of Henan Province shows the different rising trend during 2005-2013, but the overall level remains to be improved. The relative difference among cities shows the trend of shrinking. The low level area shows obvious “catch-up effect” to high level area. 2) The spatial pattern of basic public service shows the structure of half band characteristics and the level of basic public service decreases from northwest to southeast. From the global trend, the basic public service level in west area is higher than the east area, the north area is superior to the south area and the latitudinal direction difference is less than the east-west differences. Compared with sub-region in Henan Province, the level of the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration is the highest, the level of the western and southwest region and the northern region is the higher, and the level of Huanghuai region is the lowest. 3) The global Moran’s index during 2005-2013 is positive. The spatial pattern of basic public service shows the positive spatial correlation. The various types of basic public service show the spatial evolution mode of agglomeration-dispersion-agglomeration. The local auto-correlation results show that the spatial club convergence characteristics of High-High and Low-Low agglomeration is obvious. The distribution and amount of various agglomeration types remain stable. 4) The spatial Durbin Model test shows that there exists spatial spillover effects of basic public service among cities in Henan Province. The level of regional basic public service is not only influenced by the region itself factors, also affected by the basic public service level of adjacent areas. The regression results show that the urbanization level, local financial expenditure and regional economic vitality have a positive influence on the basic public service.

Key words: basic public service, Henan Province, spatial pattern, spatial spillover effects

中图分类号:

K902

赵林, 张宇硕, 焦新颖, 吴迪, 吴殿廷. 河南省基本公共服务质量空间格局与空间效应研究[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(10): 1495-1504.

Zhao Lin, Zhang Yushuo, Jiao Xinying, Wu Di, Wu Dianting. The Spatial Pattern and Effect of Basic Public Service Quality in Henan Province[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2016, 36(10): 1495-1504.

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一级指标	二级指标	单位	权重
教育文化服务（0.186 7）	万人财政教育支出	万元	0.258 4
	万人高等学校数	所	0.247 6
	万人中小学专任教师数	人	0.151 7
	万人公共图书馆藏书册	万册	0.135 1
	万人财政科学技术支出	万元	0.207 2
医疗卫生服务（0.165 8）	万人医院数	个	0.283 5
	万人均医院床位数	张	0.223 2
	万人卫生技术人员数	人	0.215 9
	万人财政医疗卫生支出	万元	0.277 4
社会保障服务（0.200 0）	万人财政社会保障支出	万元	0.213 3
	基本养老保险覆盖率	%	0.108 8
	基本医疗保险覆盖率	%	0.246 5
	基本失业保险覆盖率	%	0.166 9
	万人城镇社区服务设施数	个	0.264 4
基础设施服务（0.163 0）	市辖区人均道路面积	m²	0.234 6
	年末万人运营车辆数	辆	0.213 7
	用水普及率	%	0.181 0
	燃气普及率	%	0.210 6
	排水管道密度	km/km²	0.160 0
生态环境服务（0.101 1）	市辖区人均绿地面积	m²	0.346 1
	建成区绿化覆盖率	%	0.258 8
	生活垃圾无害化处理率	%	0.154 4
	污水集中处理率	%	0.240 7
信息化服务（0.183 4）	万人均邮局数	所	0.222 9
	万人移动电话用户数	万户	0.197 3
	万人住宅电话用户数	万户	0.217 2
	万人公用电话用户数	万户	0.040 9
	万人国际互联网用户数	万户	0.321 8

年份	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014
郑州市	0.5302	0.5753	0.6329	0.6058	0.7149	0.7587	0.7557	0.8456	0.8931	0.9196
开封市	0.1762	0.1867	0.2333	0.2561	0.3080	0.3503	0.3901	0.4251	0.4587	0.4998
洛阳市	0.3178	0.3337	0.3466	0.3289	0.4063	0.4544	0.4939	0.5481	0.6293	0.6737
平顶山市	0.2992	0.3185	0.3598	0.3840	0.4139	0.4194	0.4181	0.4958	0.5193	0.5434
安阳市	0.2708	0.2807	0.3162	0.3355	0.3963	0.4452	0.4723	0.5107	0.5162	0.5445
鹤壁市	0.3028	0.3065	0.3510	0.3585	0.4514	0.4825	0.5301	0.5642	0.5904	0.6192
新乡市	0.2974	0.3371	0.4008	0.3990	0.4541	0.5043	0.5275	0.5626	0.5789	0.6093
焦作市	0.4327	0.4002	0.4770	0.4740	0.5320	0.5446	0.5837	0.6286	0.6634	0.6918
濮阳市	0.3002	0.2618	0.2959	0.3153	0.3503	0.3736	0.4208	0.4483	0.5015	0.5090
许昌市	0.2875	0.2799	0.2991	0.2902	0.3525	0.4074	0.4181	0.4718	0.4899	0.5413
漯河市	0.3589	0.3106	0.3421	0.3512	0.4104	0.4295	0.4652	0.5070	0.5519	0.5723
三门峡市	0.3777	0.4285	0.4785	0.5071	0.5490	0.6027	0.6552	0.6977	0.7181	0.7689
南阳市	0.1746	0.1863	0.1900	0.1900	0.2217	0.2491	0.3016	0.3183	0.3762	0.3941
商丘市	0.1008	0.1022	0.1349	0.1347	0.1814	0.2098	0.2463	0.2895	0.3364	0.3721
信阳市	0.1340	0.1767	0.2054	0.2708	0.3212	0.3501	0.3629	0.4076	0.4239	0.4425
周口市	0.1140	0.1544	0.1924	0.1884	0.2142	0.2397	0.2672	0.3155	0.3732	0.4021
驻马店市	0.1235	0.1788	0.1940	0.1775	0.2261	0.2650	0.3019	0.3474	0.3852	0.4366
济源市	0.3893	0.3941	0.4462	0.4869	0.5794	0.6301	0.6858	0.7456	0.8260	0.8618
均值	0.2771	0.2896	0.3275	0.3363	0.3935	0.4287	0.4609	0.5072	0.5462	0.5779

年份	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014
Moran’s I	0.3422	0.3106	0.3083	0.2590	0.2843	0.3461	0.3051	0.2826	0.2979	0.2974
Z统计量	2.8558	2.7030	2.6636	2.2719	2.4734	2.1006	2.5924	2.4564	2.5772	2.5646
P值	0.0043	0.0069	0.0077	0.0231	0.0134	0.0357	0.0095	0.0140	0.0100	0.0103

变量			总效应		直接效应			间接效应
变量代码		变量含义		回归系数	P值	回归系数	P值	回归系数	P值
X1	经济发展水平		-0.000058	0.146	-0.000011	0.229		-0.000047	0.193
X2	城镇化水平		0.012998^***	0.001	0.002858^***	0.007		0.010140^***	0.000
X3	地方政府行政能力		-0.000017	0.191	-0.000015	0.257		0.000032	0.413
X4	地方政府财政支出能力		0.001094^***	0.000	0.000589^***	0.000		0.000505^***	0.000
X5	工业化水平		0.010961	0.137	0.003221	0.240		0.007740^*	0.079
X6	产业结构水平		0.833680	0.445	0.295263	0.519		0.538417	0.870
X7	地区对外开放水平		-0.001265^**	0.026	0.000461	0.444		-0.001726^**	0.012
X8	交通发展水平		-0.036968	0.170	-0.026085	0.140		-0.010883	0.600
X9	地区经济发展活力		0.051416^***	0.000	0.007421^***	0.000		0.043995^***	0.000