基于交通网络的区域旅游空间合作效率评价与差异变化分析——以湘西地区为例

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.11.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

分析旅游合作效率指标的基础上,通过前提假设构建了交通网络结构下湘西地区区域旅游合作效率评价模型,并运用综合评价法及层次分析法对湘西地区2004~2014年旅游合作效率进行了实证分析。分析结果显示,由于交通网的逐步完善,湘西地区区域旅游合作效率不断上升,从2004年的0.07到2014年的0.75,区域旅游合作效率与地区交通网络密度以及交通网络优势度呈现协调增长的关系。同时,由于地区间交通质量差异、交通配套设施差异及交通通达度和连接度影响旅游合作效率,导致区域内各州市之间旅游合作效率仍然存在较大的差异。

关键词: 湘西地区, 交通网络, 旅游合作, 效率, 空间差异

Abstract:

Evaluation of efficiency of regional tourism cooperation is an important way to reveal the current state, degree and level of tourism cooperation. It is useful to promote regional tourism cooperation through efficiency evaluation. This article analyzes tourism cooperation efficiency and constructs the evaluation model for regional tourism cooperation underpinned by structure of transportation network. Then, using the methods of comprehensive evaluation and analytic hierarchy process from three dimensions, the transport network density, accessibility and traffic network, this article takes an empirical analysis on the tourism cooperation efficiency from two perspective of time and space. The results show that the gap of efficiency of regional tourism cooperation in the western Hunan has arisen from 0.07 in 2004 to 0.75 in 2014 resulting from improved transport network. Efficiency of regional tourism cooperation within the western Hunan varies from regions. There is a coordinated relationship between efficiency of regional tourism cooperation and density of transport network or advantage of transport network arising from regional economic development level, traffic network conditions and its spatial layout. The gap of tourism cooperation efficiency of different prefecture region increased from 0.03 in 2004 to 0.21 in 2014. They are different in quality of traffic, degree of transport facilities and accessibility of transport. These inputs of transport affect investment of productive factor and allocation of resource, which lead to different level of tourism cooperation efficiency. It need to intensify construction of transportation network, continuously improve the quality of traffic construction and utilization rate, and optimize the structure of transportation network layout, for improving the efficiency of regional tourism cooperation.

Key words: the western China (Xiangxi area), traffic network, tourism cooperation, efficiency, spatial differences

中图分类号:

F590.3

王兆峰, 李丹. 基于交通网络的区域旅游空间合作效率评价与差异变化分析——以湘西地区为例[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(11): 1697-1705.

Zhaofeng Wang, Dan Li. Regional Tourism Space Cooperation Efficiency Evaluation and Difference Change Based on Traffic Network: A Case of the Western Hunan, China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2016, 36(11): 1697-1705.

图/表 5

表1

表2

旅游合作效率评价指标"

旅游合作效率评价指标	指标意义	计算公式
区域旅游合作的联系密度	运用旅游实际开辟路线C_i在理论开辟路线 $C n i$ 中所占的比例来反映联系密度。联系密度高,则合作效率好;反之则合作效率低。n为旅游路线数量。	$X 1 ＝ ∑ i = 2 n C i ∑ i = 2 n C n i$
创汇效应	运用国际旅游创汇收入与旅游创汇比重来表示地区旅游创汇效应。且两个指标均与旅游合作创汇效应成正比。以 $e i$ 表示国际旅游外汇收入, $E i$ 表示地区外汇总值。	$X 2 ＝ ∑ i = 2 n e i ∑ i = 2 n E i$
国内收入效应	收入越高,说明旅游合作效率高;收入不变或者较少,则说明旅游合作不仅没能达到预期的效果。	$X 3 ＝ ∑ i = 2 n Δ x i ∑ i = 2 n Δ X i$
产业规模效应	区域旅游产业规模主要由区域内国家等级风景名胜区数量 $s i$ 、旅行社数量 $a i$ 以及星级饭店的数量 $h i$ 来反映,通过比较分析连续几年的数量规模,来反映区域旅游合作效率。	$X 4 ＝ ∑ i = 2 n s i + ∑ i = 2 n a i + ∑ i = 2 n h i$
就业效应	通过新增旅游企业从业人员数量w_i在新增从业人员数量W_i中的比例来体现区域旅游合作就业效应的大小,比例越高,说明新增旅游企业从业人员在新增从业人员中数量越多,旅游就业效应越好,从而说明区域旅游合作处于良性发展中。	$X 5 ＝ ∑ i = 2 n w i ∑ i = 2 n W i$

表2

图1

图2

图3

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	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅
X₁	1	5	1	3	4
X₂	1/5	1	1/5	1/3	1
X₃	1	5	1	3	5
X₄	1/3	3	1/3	1	2
X₅	1/4	1	1/5	1/2	1