领域化视角下的珠三角乡村城市化再思考——以广州市旧水坑村为例

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.12.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

从领域视角看,改革开放以来出现的自下而上的乡村城市化过程即是乡村地域的重新领域化与再/去领域化过程。以广州市旧水坑村为案例,运用实地调查、访谈的方法,对乡村城市化过程中社会、市场和行政力量等领域化主体的作用机制进行了剖析。研究发现,村民代表的社会力量是乡村领域化的设计者,而行政力量、市场力量试图通过在其中构建独立领域以增强话语权。叠置的领域和差异悬殊的空间资源支配能力致使资源争夺加剧及非均衡的空间-权力结构形成,并导致村庄发展管治的混乱。因此,需要尽快构建多元主体有机组合的领域单元及均衡的领域政治体系,以实现乡村地域的可持续发展。

关键词: 乡村城市化, 自下而上, 领域化, 广州旧水坑村

Abstract:

From a territorial perspective, since the Chinese reform and opening policy, the process of bottom-up urbanization (which appeared in Chinese rural areas, raising funds through grass-root organizations and individuals, introducing internal and foreign investment actively, in order to promote rural non-agriculturalization and industrialization) is in fact of the re-territorialization in rural areas. Focusing on Guangzhou’s Jiu-shui-keng village as an example, this study investigates the territorial mechanism among government, the capital and social forces in the process of bottom-up urbanization, employing the methods of field investigation and interview. The Jiu-shui-keng village is situated in the middle of Panyu District in Guangzhou with an area of 1.86 km² and 2 630 permanent residents, 93.4% of whom have no household registration. The fieldwork was conducted from the end of 2013 to the middle of 2014. It is found that, villagers, representing the social force, are the designer of territorialization in the rural areas. The administrative forces and market forces try to construct an independent territory to enhance their voice. Super imposed territory and the great disparity in space resources disposal capability result in the intensification of resource competition and unbalanced space-power structure, which cause chaos in the management of the village’s development. Therefore, it is suggested that the territorial unit with multiple actors from different backgrounds and a balanced territorial politics system should be constructed as soon as possible, which means participants would have the opportunity to modify existing structure via (re)territorialization, so as to achieve the sustainable development in rural areas. The administrative power should be planned to permeaterural areas, who will play a key role in the macroeconomic regulation, encouraging the construction of capital territory with the aim of deepening the cooperation and coordination among interests, and limiting the excessive expansion of villagers’ power.

Key words: rural urbanization, bottom-up, territorialization, Jiu-shui-keng village in Guangzhou

中图分类号:

F129.9

刘云刚, 仵明霞. 领域化视角下的珠三角乡村城市化再思考——以广州市旧水坑村为例[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(12): 1834-1842.

Yungang Liu, Mingxia Wu. Rural Urbanization and Territorialization in the Pearl River Delta: A Case Study of Jiu-shui-keng Village in Guangzhou City[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2016, 36(12): 1834-1842.

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	行政领域化	市场领域化	社会领域化
领域主体	行政力量	市场力量	社会力量
代表机构	国家机关、地方政府	企业、房地产开发商	个人、团体组织
根本目的	维护国家和领土的完整性,巩固统治	控制空间资源,实现利益最大化	身份认同、满足自身利益^[28,29]
领域策略	军事战争、宪法制定^[20,21];行政区划调整^[22]	产业空间升级、搭建全球生产网络、构建世界资本市场^[25]	担任志愿者、组建社会组织、创建虚拟互联网平台
空间类型	清晰边界划定的封闭空间,如中国的行政层级,国家-省-市-县	流动的资本空间,如自发形成的产业集群、中央CBD、大都市带、都市圈、经济圈	微小、分割的社会空间,如家庭单元、网络空间
现实案例	中国“市管县”制度^[23];城乡二元制度;计划经济时期城市基层的单位制^[24]	经济全球化;跨国公司的世界生产体系;房地产商开发的小区;城市基础设施建设中的BOT模式^[26];构建全球性商品链^[27]等	涂鸦者^[30];城市边缘“非法”聚居者^[31];居住隔离现象^[32]等

编号	性别	年龄	职业或身份	户口所在地	访谈时间
2014032501	男	55	旧水坑村党支部书记	旧水坑村	62min50s
2014032502	男	35	旧水坑村村委副主任	旧水坑村	40min15s
2014041201	男	47	富利电子厂技术部主任	广东湛江	20min25s
2014011201	男	40	旧水坑村村民	旧水坑村	12min44s
2014011202	男	72	旧水坑村村民	旧水坑村	7min14s
2014011203	女	46	旧水坑村村民	旧水坑村	6min19s
2014041202	女	53	旧水坑村村民	旧水坑村	3min10s
2014011204	男	42	凉茶店老板	茶东村	15min12s
2014011205	男	50	森林公园治安人员	湖南	10min20s
2014041203	男	55	森林公园治安人员	江西	15min56s
2014041204	男	53	第七员工宿舍区值班人员	广西	26min33s
2014041205	男	27	胜美达电子厂保安	湖南	5min10s
2014011206	女	32	丰达电机厂员工	贵州	6min40s
2014011207	女	26	胜美达电子厂员工	四川	5min35s
2014011208	男	28	电子商铺老板	广西	10min15s
2014041206	女	33	奶茶店老板	湖南	16min54s