张家界旅游产业生成空间时空格局演化与机制研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.12.015

地理科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (12): 1894-1902.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.12.015

张家界旅游产业生成空间时空格局演化与机制研究

麻学锋^1,²(), 何颖怡^2,³

1. 湖南商学院旅游管理学院,湖南长沙 410205
2.吉首大学商学院,湖南吉首 416000
3. 陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,陕西西安 710062

收稿日期:2015-12-26 修回日期:2016-03-20 出版日期:2016-12-20 发布日期:2016-12-20
作者简介:
作者简介：麻学锋（1970-）,男,苗族,湖南凤凰人,博士,教授,硕士生导师,主要从事旅游地理研究。E-mail：maxuefeng90@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（41261024）、湖南省高校创新平台开放基金项目（15K103）、湖南省社科基金（15YBA320）资助

Spatio-temporal Evolution Characteristics and Mechanism of Tourism Industry Generation of Zhangjiajie City

Xuefeng Ma^1,²(), Yingyi He^2,³

1.College of Tourism and Administration,Hunan Commerce University, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China
2.School of Business and Administration, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, Hunan, China
3.School of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, Shaanxi, China

Received:2015-12-26 Revised:2016-03-20 Online:2016-12-20 Published:2016-12-20
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (41261024), Innovation Platform Open Foundation for Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province (15K103), Social Science Foundation of Hunan Province (15YBA320)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

运用旅游地生命周期理论及哈格特空间结构模式理论,尝试性提出旅游产业生成空间的概念和内涵,剖析其周期性特征。并以张家界为实证研究对象,采用最邻近点距离、重心模型、时间同步性等分析方法,从结构、时间和空间3个维度定量解析了张家界旅游产业生成空间的演变过程,推演出张家界旅游产业生成空间时空格局演化的模式与规律,揭示其格局演化的动力机制。结果显示：① 张家界旅游产业生成空间结构总体呈凝聚型分布,内部为“两均两凝”型,重心位置具有明显的周期性移动表征,且空间内部同步性较好,但差异性特征较强;② 张家界旅游产业生成空间时空格局演化经历了出现期点状→生成期核心-边缘→发展期双核两翼东西联动的周期性模式。③ 旅游地地理尺度上 “集聚力”、“路径依赖”和“旅游价值链”是推动张家界旅游产业生成空间演化的综合作用结果。

关键词: 旅游产业生成空间, 旅游产业生成周期, 张家界

Abstract:

This article firstly specifies the space content of tourism industry generation, analyzes its cyclical characteristics, and then reveals spatial evolution process and pattern of tourism industry generation from its structure and spatio-temporal characteristics in Zhangjiajie City, using methods of adjacent point distance, gravity model and time synchronization. Based on indigenous and exogenous environment impact factors, the article also analyzes evolution mechanism of tourism pattern change. Spatial structure of tourism industry generation in this city presents condense distribution, with internal pattern of "two are average, two are condense". Gravity of tourism space is in northeast part, and gradually moves towards southwest with quicker moving to south. Gravity is in Wulingyuan district within the appearing and generating period and moving to Yongding district when developing. Tourism industry generation has a good synchronization, but the difference is also stronger. Spatio-temporal evolution patterns of tourism generation space change from point to core-periphery and to "two cores and two wings" and interaction between eastern part and western part. This evolution pattern results from interaction between internal and external influencing factors.

Key words: tourism industry generation space, tourism industry generation cycle, Zhangjiajie City

中图分类号:

F590.3

麻学锋, 何颖怡. 张家界旅游产业生成空间时空格局演化与机制研究[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(12): 1894-1902.

Xuefeng Ma, Yingyi He. Spatio-temporal Evolution Characteristics and Mechanism of Tourism Industry Generation of Zhangjiajie City[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2016, 36(12): 1894-1902.

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参考文献 28

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周期阶段	产品类型	开发特征	开发主体	开发内容	空间结构表征模式
出现期	自然观光型或人文观光型	择优	政府投资为主	参与旅游资源开发、旅游基础设施建设、原产业形态中与之关联部分进行重组与改造	点状
生成期	自然观光型、人文观光型、度假旅游型	择优、择近	政府投资为主,民间投资为辅	政府参与区域基础设施建设、旅游资源开发与旅游基础设施建设,民间投资参与少量旅游资源开发与旅游配套设施建设	核心-边缘
发展期	自然观光型、人文观光型、度假旅游型、商务旅游型、民俗体验型	互补、竞争	政府为辅、民间投资为主	政府参与区域基础设施建设,FDI参与少量的旅游资源开发与旅游基础设施建设,民间投资为主开发旅游资源与旅游配套设施	多核心圈层
成熟期	自然观光型、人文观光型、度假旅游型、商务旅游型、民俗体验型、康体休闲型、旅游专项型等	优势互补、竞争合作	政府为辅、民间投资为主	政府参与区域基础设施建设,民间投资与FDI共同参与旅游开发与旅游基础设施建设	网络状
衰退期	选择性产品开发	厂商退出竞争激烈部门	民间投资逐步退出,政府选择性引导投资	民间与政府投资集中于新兴旅游产品	原有网络结构被打破

区域	5A	4A	3A	国土面积（km²）	景点分布密度（个/万km²）	空间结构类型
张家界市	2	9	5	9683	16.52	凝聚型
武陵源区	1	2	3	397.48	150.95	均匀型
永定区	1	2	2	2173.81	23.00	均匀型
慈利县	0	4	0	3480.47	11.49	凝聚型
桑植县	0	1	0	3464.27	2.89	凝聚型

周期	出现期
年份	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998
经度	110.4	110.4	110.4	110.4	110.4	110.3	110.4	110.4	110.4
纬度	29.3	29.2	29.2	29.2	29.2	29.1	29.3	29.3	29.3
周期	生成期
年份	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
经度	110.4	110.4	110.4	110.4	110.4	110.4	110.4	110.4	110.4
纬度	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3
周期	发展期
年份	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
经度	110.4	110.4	110.4	110.4	110.3
纬度	29.2	29.3	29.4	29.4	29.4

张家界旅游产业生成空间时空格局演化与机制研究

Spatio-temporal Evolution Characteristics and Mechanism of Tourism Industry Generation of Zhangjiajie City

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