珠江口湾区海岸线及沿岸土地利用变化遥感监测与分析

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.12.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用遥感、GIS技术对珠江口湾区1960~2012年海岸线以及海岸带土地利用进行监测,通过定量化、空间化方法监测海岸线和土地利用的时空变化,并分析二者的关系,进而探究珠江口湾区海岸线变迁的原因。研究结果表明,1960~2012年,珠江口湾区海岸线长度由1 134.95 km增至1 508.02 km,在此期间,湾区新增的陆地面积为878.11 km²;从空间上看,广州、珠海及深圳市在珠江口五市中不仅海岸线增长幅度较显著,新增陆地面积也较大; 1960~2012年,珠江口湾区建设用地扩张幅度非常大,增长了33.05倍,城镇建设和农业发展等人类活动是52 a来珠江口湾区海岸线发生显著变化的重要原因。

关键词: 海岸线, 土地利用, 遥感监测, 珠江口湾区

Abstract:

Coastline is the sea-land demarcation line in coastal regions. The position and shape of coastline depends on various natural and anthropogenic factors. The change of coastline exerts obvious influence on environment and economy in coastal regions. Therefore, it is important to detect and analysis the change of coastline and landuse for coastal environment and sustainable development. The Pearl River Estuary Gulf (PREG), the core region of Greater Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration, is one of the most prosperous and fastest growing regions in China. The coastline and land use in PREG have changed remarkably and continuously during the past decades. In this research, the change of coastline and land use in 1960-2012 was detected with RS and GIS. Furthermore, coastline characteristics of temporal and spatial variation were analyzed with quantitative and spatial approach. And the relationship between the changes of coastline and land use was explored. Finally, the impact that urban expansion brought to landscape in coastal zone was quantitatively analyzed. 1) In 1960-2012, the length of coastline in PREG increased from 1 134.95 km to 1 508.02 km with annul increasing speed of 7.17 km/a. Relatively, the coastline changed more obvious in three period (2004-2006, 2006-2008 and 2008-2010). The annual average change rate of coastline in the three period were -3.45%, 2.85% and 2.98%, respectively. After 2010, the speed of coastline change in PREG became lower. 2) In 1960-2012, the coastline had a greater increasing amount in the cities of Zhuhai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, where the length of coastline increased by 60.81%, 22.00% and 19.71%, respectively. 3) In 1960-2012, Nansha in Guangzhou, south Zhuhai and Qianhai in Shenzhen gained more newly-added land than any other area in PREG. Their land area increased from 172.34 km² to 303.22 km², 344.70 km²to 603.29 km² and 89.62 km² to 145.49 km², respectively. 4) In PREG, construction land expanded 33 times in 1960-2012. In the meanwhile, the area of forest and farm land decreased by 47.53% and 56.70%, respectively. 5) In 1960-1979, the total area of newly-added land in PREG was 231.53 km², where farm land accounted for 61.07%. In 1979-1990, the total area of newly-added land was 224.82 km², where aquafarm land accounted for 51.44%. From 1990 to 2000, the total area of newly-added land was 321.42 km², where farm/aquafarm land accounted 61.07%. It can be known that the land demand for agricultural development was the key factor that changed coastline in PREG before 2000. From 2000 to 2012, the total area of newly-added land was 100.34 km², where construction land accounted for 51.30%. Since 2000, land demand for urban construction has been the key factor that changed coastline in PREG. In conclusion, human activities, including agricultural development and urban construction, largely resulted in the significant change of coastline in PREG.

Key words: coastline, land use, remote sensing, the Pearl River Estuary Gulf

中图分类号:

王琎, 吴志峰, 李少英, 王帅帅, 张晓诗, 高群. 珠江口湾区海岸线及沿岸土地利用变化遥感监测与分析[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(12): 1903-1911.

Jin Wang, Zhifeng Wu, Shaoying Li, Shuaishuai Wang, Xiaoshi Zhang, Qun Gao. Coastline and Land Use Change Detection and Analysis with Remote Sensing in the Pearl River Estuary Gulf[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2016, 36(12): 1903-1911.

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	广州	东莞	深圳	中山	珠海	总计
1960~1979年	0.29%	-0.58%	0.02%	-0.24%	2.10%	0.90%
1979~1990年	0.63%	1.60%	0.23%	-0.16%	-0.55%	0.05%
1990~1995年	1.80%	-4.43%	3.23%	5.59%	2.47%	2.01%
1995~2000年	-0.39%	2.10%	-0.71%	2.31%	-0.48%	-0.06%
2000~2002年	-2.94%	-4.41%	-0.79%	-9.20%	-0.06%	-1.93%
2002~2004年	3.21%	-0.54%	-0.09%	0.68%	1.78%	1.51%
2004~2006年	-0.44%	4.08%	7.53%	1.71%	-11.06%	-3.45%
2006~2008年	-0.80%	2.34%	-2.18%	-10.72%	9.69%	2.85%
2008~2010年	0.79%	5.11%	-0.25%	12.94%	3.36%	2.98%
2010~2012年	0.54%	-5.58%	-2.52%	-2.67%	-0.37%	-1.19%

	建设用地	林地	农用地	养殖用地	围垦滩涂
1960年	54.84	1128.48	1710.43	0.00	0.00
1979年	45.49	1116.94	1908.43	0.00	0.00
1990年	322.63	1279.63	1243.27	344.42	10.79
1995年	893.99	654.02	1200.42	627.06	54.15
2000年	1041.82	613.54	1296.30	469.87	108.69
2002年	1096.81	647.67	1142.54	635.99	85.60
2004年	1254.71	706.71	1274.38	307.52	39.95
2006年	1321.38	797.45	1044.28	400.40	62.91
2008年	1456.48	607.72	922.07	481.35	36.82
2010年	1609.29	636.54	815.39	427.93	86.38
2012年	1812.33	592.16	740.58	530.53	37.63

	1960~1979年	1979~1990年	1990~2000年	2000~2010年
建设用地	3.35	7.73	55.89	51.47
林地	86.78	27.94	4.51	0.65
农用地	141.40	62.93	67.97	4.73
养殖用地	0.00	115.64	99.15	16.86
围垦滩涂	0.00	10.58	93.90	26.63
新增陆地总面积	231.53	224.82	321.42	100.34