哈大巨型城市带要素集聚程度与生态环境水平关系演变

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.02.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于耦合模型和象限图法,从整体和内部分异2个角度对2000~2012年哈大巨型城市带要素集聚程度与生态环境水平演变及其关系进行分析,结果表明：哈大巨型城市带要素集聚程度呈波动上升的演变特征,生态环境则“先波动上升,后缓慢下降”,城市带整体要素集聚程度与生态环境水平间关系趋于协调,产业结构演变、资源消耗水平、经济密度是导致城市带要素集聚程度与生态环境水平协调度提高的主要驱动因子,其中产业结构演变的影响作用更加明显。城市带内部要素集聚的“四城市”格局已经形成,呈现出“核心-边缘”结构,要素集聚程度与生态环境水平可分为高级协调、要素集聚滞后、低级协调、生态环境滞后4种类型。4个区域中心城市要素集聚程度与生态环境水平关系趋向不协调,中心城市周边地区主要向要素集聚滞后型转变,资源型城市和重工业城市要素集聚程度与生态环境水平多表现为低级协调。

关键词: 要素集聚程度, 生态环境水平, 协调关系, 空间格局, 哈大巨型城市带

Abstract:

Based on the coupling model and the quadrant diagram method, the element agglomeration degree and ecological environment evolution and their relationship were analyzed from the perspective of the overall and internal in Haerbin-Dalian giant urban belt. The results showed that: 1) The element agglomeration degree is ‘firstly decreased, and then increased’, while the ecological environment is ‘first increased quickly and then dropped slowly’, the relationship between the degree of element agglomeration and the level of the ecological environment become more harmonious. Further analysis found that the evolution of industrial structure, resource consumption level, economic density are main elements, which contribute the coordination degree to higher, and the industrial structure evolution is most remarkable. 2) Within internal elements of urban agglomeration, ‘four cities’ pattern has been formed, present a ‘core-edge’ structure. The relationship between the degree of internal element agglomeration and the level of the ecological environment can be divided into four kinds, which are highly coordinated, element agglomeration lagged, low coordinated and ecological environment lagged. 3) In 2000-2012, the relationship between the degree of element agglomeration and the level of the ecological environment of different cities are in continuous evolution, and the center cities main transformed into ecological environment lagged; the surrounding areas of center cities transformed into element agglomeration lagged; resource-dependent and heavy industrial cities present low coordinated.

Key words: the Harbin-dalian Giant Urban Belt, element concentration degree, the ecological environment level, coordination, spatial pattern

中图分类号:

K901

刘艳军, 田俊峰, 付占辉, 刘德刚. 哈大巨型城市带要素集聚程度与生态环境水平关系演变[J]. 地理科学, 2017, 37(2): 172-180.

Yanjun Liu, Junfeng Tian, Zhanhui Fu, Degang Liu. The Evolution of the Relationship Between the Degree of Element Agglomeration and the Level of the Ecological Environment in the Harbin-Dalian Giant Urban Belt[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2017, 37(2): 172-180.

图/表 7

图1

表1

城市带要素集聚程度与生态环境水平评价指标体系"

系统层	子系统层	指标层	信息熵	冗余度	权重
要素集聚程度指数(SPI）	人口集聚指数（SPI₁）	SPI₁₁人口占区域比重(%)	0.8719	0.1281	0.1161
		SPI₁₂城镇人口占区域比重(%)	0.9517	0.0483	0.0438
		SPI₁₃非农产业就业人数占区域比重(%)	0.9577	0.0423	0.0384
		SPI₁₄客运量占区域比重(%)	0.9707	0.0293	0.0266
	物质集聚指数（SPI₂）	SPI₂₁城市建成区面积占区域面积比重(%)	0.8382	0.1618	0.1467
		SPI₂₂货运量占区域比重(%)	0.8724	0.1276	0.1157
		SPI₂₃用电量占区域比重(%)	0.9719	0.0281	0.0255
	信息集聚指数（SPI₃）	SPI₃₁邮电业务量占区域比重(%)	0.9459	0.0541	0.0490
	信息集聚指数（SPI₃）	SPI₃₂电话用户数量占区域比重(%)	0.9097	0.0903	0.0819
	资本集聚指数（SPI₄）	SPI₄₁非农产业GDP占区域比重(%)	0.9551	0.0449	0.0407
		SPI₄₂固定资产投资额占区域比重(%)	0.9071	0.0929	0.0843
		SPI₄₃社会消费品零售额占区域比重(%)	0.9066	0.0934	0.0847
		SPI₄₄实际利用外资额占区域比重(%)	0.9763	0.0237	0.0215
	科技集聚指数（SPI₅）	SPI₅₁科研和技术人员占区域比重(%)	0.9669	0.0331	0.0300
		SPI₅₂科研经费投入额占区域比重(%)	0.9488	0.0512	0.0464
		SPI₅₃高等学校在校学生数占区域比重(%)	0.9461	0.0530	0.0489
生态环境水平指数（EVI）	生态环境压力指数(EVI₁)	EVI_a1人均供水量(t/人)	0.9350	0.0650	0.0494
		EVI_a2人均用电量(kW·h/人)	0.8408	0.1592	0.1209
		EVI_a3人均工业废水排放量(t/人)	0.9408	0.0592	0.0450
		EVI_a4人均SO₂排放量(t/人)	0.9053	0.0947	0.0719
		EVI_a5人均固体废弃物排放量(t/人)	0.8932	0.1068	0.0811
	生态环境安全指数（EVI₂）	EVI_b1人均耕地面积(hm2/人)	0.9442	0.0558	0.0424
		EVI_b2人均水资源量(m³/人)	0.9077	0.0923	0.0701
		EVI_b3森林覆盖率(%)	0.9443	0.0557	0.0423
		EVI_b4建成区绿化覆盖率(%)	0.9443	0.0557	0.0423
		EVI_b5空气质量优良天数(d)	0.8330	0.1670	0.1268
	生态环境响应指数（EVI₃）	EVI_c1工业废水排放达标率(%)	0.8590	0.1410	0.1070
		EVI_c2城市生活污水处理率(%)	0.8944	0.1056	0.0802
		EVI_c3工业SO₂去除率(%)	0.9677	0.0323	0.0245
		EVI_c4工业固体废物综合利用率(%)	0.9187	0.0822	0.0624
		EVI_c5城市生活垃圾无害化处理率(%)	0.9554	0.0446	0.0339

表1

图2

图3

表2

图4

图5

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城市	2000年					2006年					2012年
城市	要素集聚程度得分		排名		生态环境水平得分	排名	要素集聚程度得分	排名	生态环境水平得分	排名	要素集聚程度得分	排名	生态环境水平得分	排名
沈阳	0.87	1	0.36	11		0.87	1	0.46	11		0.85	1	0.46	10
大连	0.73	2	0.55	2		0.68	3	0.54	4		0.80	2	0.46	11
鞍山	0.33	5	0.31	17		0.22	7	0.41	16		0.23	6	0.35	18
抚顺	0.16	9	0.39	9		0.13	9	0.48	7		0.11	10	0.49	8
本溪	0.10	11	0.38	10		0.10	10	0.43	12		0.08	11	0.50	6
营口	0.10	10	0.36	13		0.10	11	0.42	14		0.12	9	0.41	16
辽阳	0.08	12	0.28	18		0.08	13	0.43	11		0.08	14	0.44	13
盘锦	0.07	14	0.35	14		0.05	16	0.49	6		0.08	15	0.42	15
铁岭	0.07	16	0.32	16		0.08	1	0.45	10		0.08	12	0.58	2
长春	0.53	4	0.48	4		0.58	4	0.42	13		0.56	4	0.44	12
吉林	0.20	7	0.56	1		0.23	6	0.63	1		0.23	7	0.64	1
四平	0.07	13	0.36	12		0.08	12	0.47	8		0.08	13	0.43	14
辽源	0.01	18	0.42	7		0.01	18	0.40	17		0.01	18	0.50	7
松原	0.03	17	0.48	3		0.05	17	0.53	5		0.07	17	0.54	5
哈尔滨	0.69	3	0.44	6		0.73	2	0.58	2		0.67	3	0.57	4
齐齐哈尔	0.16	8	0.40	8		0.16	8	0.41	15		0.16	8	0.46	9
大庆	0.24	6	0.34	15		0.25	5	0.34	18		0.26	5	0.40	17
绥化	0.07	15	0.44	5		0.08	15	0.55	3		0.07	16	0.57	3