青海湖流域沙柳河下游沉积物中重金属污染风险评价

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.02.012

地理科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 259-265.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.02.012

青海湖流域沙柳河下游沉积物中重金属污染风险评价

常华进^1,²(), 曹广超², 陈克龙², 孙小舟¹

1.湖北文理学院管理学院,湖北襄阳 441053
2.青海省自然地理与环境过程重点实验室,青海西宁 810008

收稿日期:2016-01-04 修回日期:2016-07-12 出版日期:2017-02-25 发布日期:2017-02-25
作者简介:
作者简介：常华进（1980-）,男,湖北钟祥人,教授,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为现代环境对人类活动响应。E-mail: changhj@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（41372003）、青海师范大学科研创新计划项目、湖北省高等学校优秀中青年创新团队项目（T201314）资助

Pollution and Potential Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in Sediment from the Lower Reaches of Shaliuhe River, Qinghai Lake Watershed

Huajin Chang^1,²(), Guangchao Cao², Kelong Chen², Xiaozhou Sun¹

1. School of Management, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, Hubei, China
2. Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Processes of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China

Received:2016-01-04 Revised:2016-07-12 Online:2017-02-25 Published:2017-02-25
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China（41372003）, Scientific Research Innovation Program of Qinghai Normal University, Young and Middle-aged Innovation Team Project of Hubei Provincial Colleges and Universities（T201314）

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对青海湖流域沙柳河下游沉积物中As、Cd、Pb、V、Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu和Zn 9种重金属元素的含量进行了分析测定,采用污染系数、富集系数、地累积指数和潜在生态危害指数评估了其污染程度。结果表明：无论在横向还是纵向上,重金属元素含量均低于青海湖土壤背景值;重金属元素污染系数和富集系数均小于2,且大多数样品的值低于1（高于1者多为Cd、Cu、Ni、Zn,且具高值）;地累积指数均为负值（除QB-19中Cd和Cu分别为0.10和0.02）;潜在生态风险因子大多低于30,潜在生态危害指数大多低于70。沙柳河下游沉积物尚未出现重金属污染,具有低的生态风险,但该流域重金属的人为排放确实存在（主要是Cd、Cu、Ni、Zn等）,而且在近代排放更为显著。

关键词: 重金属, 沉积物, 沙柳河, 青海

Abstract:

Heavy metals (including As, Cd, Pb, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu and Zn) concentrations in sediment from the lower reaches of Shaliuhe River in Qinghai Lake watershed were investigated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The pollution coefficient (P_i), enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (I_geo) and potential ecological risk index (RI) were applied for assessing the status of sediment heavy metal pollution and the extent of potential ecological risk. The results showed that the mean concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu and Zn were 10.4±1.5 mg/kg, 0.12±0.05 mg/kg, 18.7±3.5 mg/kg, 63.6±7.7 mg/kg, 49.1±8.9 mg/kg, 618±100 mg/kg, 24.9±4.8 mg/kg, 19.7±6.6 mg/kg and 68.1±13.7 mg/kg, respectively. These heavy metals concentrations in both spatial and temporal sediments are lower than the average soil content of Qinghai Lake watershed. Both P_i and EF of all the elements in sediment samples are lower than 2, and most of them are lower than 1. The heavy metals that have high value of P_i and EF are mainly Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn. The I_geo of most elements are negative except Cd and Cu in QB-19. Besides Cd in three surface sediment samples (QB-19, QB-23 and QB-30), the potential ecological risk factor (E_i) of the heavy metals are lower than 30, and the RI of the heavy metals are lower than 70 except for the three surface sediment samples mentioned above. The results suggest that sediment in the lower reaches of Shaliuhe River has not been polluted, and it has low potential ecological risk. However, anthropogenic contribution for heavy metals (especially Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn) do exists in the Shaliuhe River watershed, and it was significant in modern times.

Key words: heavy metals, sediment, the Shaliuhe River, Qinghai Province

中图分类号:

P595

常华进, 曹广超, 陈克龙, 孙小舟. 青海湖流域沙柳河下游沉积物中重金属污染风险评价[J]. 地理科学, 2017, 37(2): 259-265.

Huajin Chang, Guangchao Cao, Kelong Chen, Xiaozhou Sun. Pollution and Potential Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in Sediment from the Lower Reaches of Shaliuhe River, Qinghai Lake Watershed[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2017, 37(2): 259-265.

图/表 4

表1

图1

图2

图3

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	位置	As	Cd	Pb	V	Cr	Mn	Ni	Cu	Zn	Th
QB-13	37°19′40.7″N,100°7′25.2″E	10.8	0.12	20.2	66	52	624	24.6	18.8	70	12.9
QB-14	37°19′41.8″N,100°7′24.8″E	8.8	0.07	15.6	58	42	529	19.8	13.0	57	12.4
QB-15	37°19′43.3″N,100°7′24.4″E	10.5	0.11	18.2	60	46	623	23.1	19.6	65	11.4
QB-16	37°19′44.4″N,100°7′24.1″E	10.5	0.11	19.2	64	51	636	26.5	22.3	70	8.3
QB-17	37°19′44.2″N,100°7′22.4″E	9.3	0.10	17.1	63	50	570	23.6	16.9	63	12.4
QB-18	37°19′45.5″N,100°7′22.1″E	9.2	0.07	15.3	59	41	543	19.8	13.7	57	11.2
QB-19	37°19′45.1″N,100°7′20.1″E	13.3	0.22	24.7	75	62	778	32.1	29.9	95	10.2
QB-20	37°19′45.1″N,100°7′20.1″E	12.2	0.17	21.6	65	51	630	28.4	25.2	76	12.3
QB-21	37°19′45.1″N,100°7′20.1″E	11.1	0.11	17.4	59	51	530	24.5	18.0	62	12.2
QB-22	37°19′45.1″N,100°7′20.1″E	11.2	0.11	17.0	57	48	635	23.3	17.1	60	11.3
QB-23	37°19′44.9″N,100°7′18.7″E	11.9	0.16	22.4	74	59	745	30.6	28.7	83	10.5
QB-24	37°19′44.9″N,100°7′17.8″E	8.7	0.06	15.0	52	37	485	20.2	12.6	51	12.0
QB-29	37°19′43.1″N,100°7′17.9″E	9.6	0.09	15.4	56	39	526	21.4	13.4	56	11.0
QB-30	37°19′43.5″N,100°7′19.7″E	12.1	0.17	23.0	73	61	744	32.0	27.8	82	14.2
最大值		13.3	0.22	24.7	75	62	778	32.1	29.9	95	14.2
最小值		8.7	0.06	15.0	52	37	485	19.8	12.6	51	8.3
算术平均值		10.4	0.12	18.7	63.6	49.1	618	24.9	19.7	68.1	11.6
标准差		1.5	0.05	3.5	7.7	8.9	100	4.8	6.6	13.7	1.4
变异系数（%）		14.4	42.1	18.4	12.1	18.1	16.2	19.2	33.6	20.1	12.1
青海湖土壤背景值^[6]		11.7	-	20.5	73	54	626	25.0	19.7	64	11.4
青海土壤平均值^[7]		14.0	0.14	20.9	72	70	580	29.6	22.2	80	12.1
毒性系数^{[8, 9]}		10	30	5	2	2	1	5	5	1	-

青海湖流域沙柳河下游沉积物中重金属污染风险评价

Pollution and Potential Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in Sediment from the Lower Reaches of Shaliuhe River, Qinghai Lake Watershed

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