1982~2013年青藏高原高寒草地覆盖变化及与气候之间的关系

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.02.016

地理科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 292-300.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.02.016

1982~2013年青藏高原高寒草地覆盖变化及与气候之间的关系

陆晴^1,^2,³(), 吴绍洪^1,², 赵东升^1,²

1.中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室,北京 100101
2.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101
3.中国科学院大学,北京 100049

收稿日期:2016-03-25 修回日期:2016-07-05 出版日期:2017-02-25 发布日期:2017-02-25
作者简介:
作者简介：陆晴 (1986-),女,江西高安人,博士研究生,研究方向为综合自然地理及气候变化等。E-mail：luqing_0920@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金 (41571193,41530749),“十二五”国家科技支撑计划 (2013BAC04B02) 资助

Variations in Alpine Grassland Cover and Its Correlation with Climate Variables on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in 1982-2013

Qing Lu^1,^2,³(), Shaohong Wu^1,², Dongsheng Zhao^1,²

1. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2.Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2016-03-25 Revised:2016-07-05 Online:2017-02-25 Published:2017-02-25
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (41571193,41530749), National Science and Technology Support Program of China during the 12th Five-year Plan Period (2013BAC04B02)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用GIMMS NDVI数据和地面气象站台观测数据,对青藏高原1982~2013年高寒草地覆盖时空变化及其对气象因素的响应进行研究,结果表明：青藏高原高寒草地生长季NDVI表现为从东南到西北逐渐减少的趋势,近32 a来,整个高原草地生长季NDVI呈上升趋势,增加速率为0.000 3/a (p<0.05);高寒草地生长季NDVI年际变化具有空间异质性,整体为增加趋势,呈增加趋势的面积约占研究区域面积的75.3%,其中显著增加的占26.0% （p<0.05）,类型主要为分布在青藏高原东北部地区的高寒草甸;比例为4.7%,草地类型主要为高寒草原,主要分布在高原西部地区;基于生态地理分区的分析显示,青藏高原草地与降水、温度的相关关系具有明显的空间差异,高寒草地生长季NDVI均值与降水呈显著正相关,对降水的滞后效应显著;高原东北部温度较高,热量条件较好,降水为高寒草地生长季NDVI变化的主导因子;东中部地区降水充沛,温度则为高寒草地生长的制约因子;南部地区降水和温度都较适宜,均与高寒草地生长季NDVI相关性显著(p< 0.05),共同作用于草地的生长;中部和西部地区,气候因子与高寒草地生长季NDVI关系均不显著。

关键词: 青藏高原, 高寒草地, NDVI, 气候因子, 生态地理区域

Abstract:

The response of structure and function of terrestrial ecosystem to global climate change has become a major point. Vegetation is an essential component of the terrestrial ecosystem which has proved to be sensitive to climate change. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is widely recognized as a good indicator of vegetation coverage and productivity, has been widely used to indicate vegetation activity and dynamics, also vegetation growth, ecosystem structure and functions respond to climate change. Climate warming has important influence on the vegetation coverage, and alpine grassland is one of the most significant vegetation type on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This study used GIMMS NDVI data sets and climate data from 40 meteorological stations to investigate spatial and temporal variations of alpine grassland cover and the response of NDVI to climatic variables on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in 1982-2013. The results showed that the average growing season NDVI is high in the southeast and low in the northwest. As a whole, the alpine grassland cover tended to increase on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with the rate of 0.000 3/a (p<0.05) in the past 32 years. Spatially, the tendency of alpine grassland NDVI showed great heterogeneity, with the significantly NDVI increased mainly distributed in the northeastern part of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau dominated by alpine meadow which approximates to 26.0% (p<0.05) of the total study area. The area with significantly decreased area accounted for 4.7%, mainly emerged in the western part where the grassland was dominated by alpine steppe. In the regional scale, the variation in alpine grassland cover was more closely related to precipitation than other climate factors. The spatial characteristics of the relationship between growing season NDVI and climatic variables were analyzed based on the eco-geographical regions. Significant lagged correlations between precipitation and seasonal NDVI were found for the alpine steppe. The results suggested that precipitation was the key limit variable in the northeastern part of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with higher annual mean temperature. But in the eastern and central eco-regions with the more rainfall, temperature could limit the growth of grassland vegetation. In the southern plateau with more precipitation and higher temperature compared with other regions, the correlations between alpine grassland cover and climatic factors were significant positive. The change of alpine grassland cover was not significantly relevant to climatic variables in the middle and western part of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Key words: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, alpine grassland, NDVI, climatic variables, eco-geographical regions

中图分类号:

K903

陆晴, 吴绍洪, 赵东升. 1982~2013年青藏高原高寒草地覆盖变化及与气候之间的关系[J]. 地理科学, 2017, 37(2): 292-300.

Qing Lu, Shaohong Wu, Dongsheng Zhao. Variations in Alpine Grassland Cover and Its Correlation with Climate Variables on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in 1982-2013[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2017, 37(2): 292-300.

图/表 7

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温度带	干旱地区	生态分区
HI 高原亚寒带	B 半湿润地区	H?B1果洛那曲高原山地高寒灌丛草甸区
	C 半干旱地区	H?C1青南高原宽谷高寒草甸草原区
	C 半干旱地区	H?C2羌塘高原湖盆高寒草原区
	D 干旱地区	H?D1昆仑山高原高寒荒漠区
HII高原温带	A/B 湿润/半湿润地区	HIIA/B1川西藏东高山深谷针叶林区
	C 半干旱地区	HIIC1祁连青东高山盆地针叶林、草原区
	C 半干旱地区	HIIC2藏南高山谷地灌丛草原区
	D 干旱地区	HIID1柴达木盆地荒漠区
		HIID2昆仑北翼山地荒漠区
		HIID3阿里山地荒漠区

	相关系数									偏相关系数
不同区域	P (5~9月)	P (4~8月)	T (5~9月)	T (4~8月)	P_max	T_max	AT₅	D₅	HC	P (5~9月)	T (5~9月)	P (4~8月)	T (4~8月)
高寒草甸	0.076	0.03	0.242	0.43^*	-0.073	0.280	0.254	0.221	-0.25	-0.004	0.231	-0.109	0.462^**
高寒草原	0.439^*	0.845^**	0.559^**	0.591^**	0.425^*	0.633^**	0.634^**	0.469^**	-0.167	0.392^*	0.529^**	0.372^*	0.424^*
HIB1	-0.012	-0.238	0.376^*	0.446^*	0.055	0.357^*	0.386^*	0.386^*	-0.386^*	-0.078	0.383^*	-0.063	0.443^*
HIC1	0.113	0.773^**	-0.011	0.027	-0.148	0.171	0.094	-0.097	-0.026	0.125	-0.055	0.141	-0.014
HIC2	0.126	0.673^**	0.015	0.072	-0.198	0.360	0.062	-0.050	-0.051	0.128	0.028	0.138	0.063
HIIC1	0.602^**	0.574^**	0.361^*	0.41^*	0.591^**	0.195	0.382^*	0.466^**	0.122	0.595^**	0.343	0.57^**	0.404^*
HIIC2	0.362^*	0.726^**	0.398^*	0.384^*	0.320	-0.598^**	0.410^*	0.422^*	-0.046	0.447^*	0.475^**	0.443^*	0.379^*

1982~2013年青藏高原高寒草地覆盖变化及与气候之间的关系

Variations in Alpine Grassland Cover and Its Correlation with Climate Variables on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in 1982-2013

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