环渤海地区海洋产业生态系统适应性时空演变及影响因素

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.05.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

将产业生态系统引入到海洋研究中,开展海洋产业生态系统适应性研究,界定海洋产业生态系统适应性的内涵及特征;采用均方差赋权法进行权重赋值,构建海洋产业生态系统适应性评价指标体系与评估模型,分析环渤海地区海洋产业生态系统的适应性时空演变及影响因素。结果表明：从整体来看,环渤海地区海洋产业生态系统适应性差异较大,主要问题是环渤海地区各省市海洋产业发展参差不齐,产业基础和发展速度差异较大,海洋生态环境建设水平不一; 从空间来看,海洋产业生态系统适应性呈现山东>辽宁>天津>河北的空间分布特征;在海洋产业子系统各要素中,呈现敏感性越大,弹性越大的特征,海洋环境子系统适应性特征不明显; 从时间来看,环渤海地区海洋产业生态系统适应性在波动中不断增强,各省市适应性综合指数差距呈现逐渐扩大的趋势,这种扩大的趋势是由于海洋产业子系统年均增长的差异所致; 区域内部海洋产业生态系统适应性差异明显：天津市海洋产业子系统适应性指数最高,海洋环境子系统发展水平滞后;河北省海洋产业、环境子系统适应性指数较低,海洋产业生态系统发展水平低;辽宁省海洋产业、环境子系统适应性指数较小,海洋产业、环境子系统发育较平衡;山东省海洋产业、环境子系统适应性指数较高,海洋产业生态系统发展水平高,海洋产业子系统发展迅速。

关键词: 海洋产业生态系统, 适应性, 环渤海地区, 均方差赋权法

Abstract:

The article establishes an adaptability assessment index and uses the variance weighting method for weight assignment. Based on the data of marine industry and environment in the Bohai Sea region, the article analyzes the marine industry ecosystem characteristics, types, and influencing factors in the Bohai Sea region. According to the model, the article obtains the adaptability characteristics of marine industry ecosystem in the Bohai Sea region. 1) From an overall viewpoint, the difference of adaptability of marine industrial system in the Bohai Sea region is relatively large. 2) From a view of space, the feature of adaptive spatial distribution in marine industry ecosystem shows the adaptive spatial distribution of Shandong>Liaoning>Tianjin>Hebei; In the industrial subsystem, it presents the adaptive spatial distribution of Tianjin>Shandong>Liaoning>Hebei; In the environmental subsystem, it presents the adaptive spatial distribution of Shandong>Liaoning>Tianjin>Hebei. 3) From a view of time, during 2006-2012, the adaptability of marine industry ecosystem in the Bohai Sea region increased, with a rising fluctuate. Comprehensive index of adaptation have a trend of expanding, for this trend, the main reason is the difference of the industrial system in adaptive growth. 4) From a view of specific provinces and city, according to the development of time, it concludes the characteristic of the development in specific province and city in marine industry ecosystem, analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of development. From the overall perspective, the adaptability is enhanced; the level of adaptation is promoted. By analyzing the coupling of Bohai marine industry and environment subsystem, the study obtains the marine industrial ecosystem level and adaptive characteristics, obtains the advantages and disadvantages of the marine industry ecosystem in the Bohai Sea region, thereby for the sustainable development provides countermeasures and suggestions in the Bohai Sea region.

Key words: marine industrial ecosystem, adaptability, the Bohai Sea region, variance weighting method

中图分类号:

K902

李博, 张志强, 苏飞, 韩增林. 环渤海地区海洋产业生态系统适应性时空演变及影响因素[J]. 地理科学, 2017, 37(5): 701-708.

Bo Li, Zhiqiang Zhang, Fei Su, Zenglin Han. Spatio-temporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Marine Industrial Ecosystem Adaptability in the Bohai Sea Region[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2017, 37(5): 701-708.

图/表 4

表1

环渤海地区海洋产业生态系统适应性评价指标体系"

	二层	三层	具体指标及单位	指标说明	权重
海洋产业生态系统适应性综合指数	海洋产业子系统适应性指数0.456	敏感性 0.171	海洋产业系统结构熵	反映海洋产业系统的结构发育程度	0.046
			海洋化工产品数量(t)	海洋产业的发展对海洋化学资源的攫取	0.044
			海洋捕捞产量(t)	反映海洋捕捞业发展状况	0.051
			海洋货物货运量(万 t)	反映海洋货运的发展	0.041
		弹性 0.138	海洋生产总值占地区生产总值比重(%)	反映海洋经济对总 GDP贡献率	0.043
			海洋第三产业增长弹性系数(%)	反映海洋第三产业增长与海洋生产总值增长变化率	0.025
			人均海洋生产总值(万元)	反映人均海洋生产总值占有量	0.037
			海洋产业增加值(亿元）	反映海洋产业增长状况	0.036
		稳定性 0.147	沿海地区风能发电能力（万 kW）	反映海洋电力及海洋新能源发展状况	0.032
			旅游外汇收入(亿元）	反映海外旅游业发展状况	0.052
			非渔产业结构指数	海洋第二、三产业产值之和与海洋就业人口的比例	0.034
			生产用码头泊位数(个）	反映海洋码头停泊能力	0.040
	海洋环境子系统适应性指数 0.544	敏感性 0.217	风暴潮灾害受灾面积（10³ hm²）	反映自然灾害对沿海地区的影响	0.025
			工业废水排放量（万 t）	反映海洋环境污染状况	0.046
			万元地区生产总值能耗（t标准煤/万元）	反映产业能耗水平	0.041
			工业固体废物产生量（万 t）	反映工业固体废物产生状况	0.035
		弹性 0.180	海洋产业结构转换速率（%）	反映海洋产业系统对海洋环境变化的调整能力	0.049
			海洋科技研究人员比重（%）	反映海洋产业科技支撑力度	0.039
			工业固体废物综合利用率（%）	反映固体废物循环能力	0.037
			海洋专业博士生在校人数（人）	反映海洋高等教育发展状况	0.081
		稳定性 0.147	海洋观测台数(个）	反映海洋基础设施发展状况	0.036
			人均水资源量（m²/人）	反映人均水资源占有量	0.033
			涉海湿地面积占国土面积比重(%)	反映沿海湿地面积与国土面积的比重	0.052
			海洋自然保护区面积（10³hm²）	反映海洋自然保护区的发展状况	0.044

表1

图1

图2

图3

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