基于空间组合特征的农村居民点重构方向识别

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.05.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于湖北省大冶市陈贵镇2012年土地利用变更调查数据,运用核密度估计和空间热点探测法,分析镇域农村居民点空间分布特征,提出一种顾及居民点密度与规模组合特征的农村居民点重构方向识别方法。根据密度与规模的空间组合特征,将全镇农村居民点划分为7种类型,结合改进成本距离测算大规模居民点区有效覆盖范围,提出了城镇化集中型、中心村建设型、协同整治型和内部改造型4种重构模式,明确了规模与密度特征导向下的农村居民点的整治重心和重构方向。

关键词: 农村居民点, 核密度, 热点分析, 覆盖半径, 空间重构

Abstract:

This article analyzed spatial distribution features of rural settlements from both destiny and size based onland-use data for 2012 in Chengui Town, Hubei Province. The destiny and size of rural settlements were measured using kernel density estimation and hotspots analysis method, respectively. The valid covering radius of each large scale area of rural settlements were calculated using improved cost distance method. A new method considering spatial combination features was proposed to identify the reconstruction directions of rural settlements. The results showed that both the density and scale values of rural settlements presented an obvious spatial correlation. The destiny values decreased gradually from the central area to the surrounding area. The low density area mainly distributed in the southeast area, which included Nanshan, Tongshankou and Tiantaishan Village. The distribution of large scale of rural settlements was like a circle, whereas the small ones mainly distributed in Nanshan and Tiantaishan. Seven types were identified according to the combination features of density and scale. The density and scale with medium values were widespread in Chengui. However, it should be noted that small scale with low density coexisted with the large scale with high density. Eight central covering areas from A to H were identified. According to the scale features, these eight areas were further classified into three types, which included strong centers, common centers and weak centers. The strong centers included the covering areas of downtown and Tongshankou. The downtown area had the largest covering area, whereas Tongshankou was regarded as the key village, which covered the largest scale of rural settlements. Four common centers and two weak centers showed different functions in rural reconstruction. In general, the village-town system was consisted of a central town, a key village, several secondary centers and other common areas. Four reconstruction modes, including urbanization concentration, key village construction, cooperating consolidation and inner-village consolidation, were proposed according to the features of covering areas. The reconstruction directions and key points were emphasized based on the combination features of destiny and size. The findings provide important planning information for rural reconstruction.

Key words: rural settlements, kernel density, hotspots analysis, covering radius, spatial reconstruction

中图分类号:

K901.8

孙建伟, 孔雪松, 田雅丝, 罗静. 基于空间组合特征的农村居民点重构方向识别[J]. 地理科学, 2017, 37(5): 748-755.

Jianwei Sun, Xuesong Kong, Yasi Tian, Jing Luo. Identifying Reconstruction Directions of Rural Settlements Based on Analysis of Spatial Combination Features[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2017, 37(5): 748-755.

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类型	I	II	III	IV	V	VI	VII
密度（个/km²）	0~2.71	5.43~8.33	2.27~5.42	0~2.71	5.43~8.33	2.27~5.42	0~2.71
规模（hm²）	3.55	121.23	541.74	49.01	96.75	205.07	43.35
数量（个）	4	40	227	29	7	33	19

分区	覆盖面积（hm²）	居民点规模（hm²）	居民点数量（个）	空间重构方向
A	261.40	42.09	6	大规模低密度发展：以李河村建设为主,引导马鞍山村周边零散居民点有序向该区集中,推进协同整治,建设连片共享居民区
B	212.41	39.63	6	中规模低密度发展：以袁伏二村建设为主,推进袁伏二村与官堂垴村居民点协同整治与共建共享
C	86.66	14.69	6	控制现状规模、低密度发展：官堂垴村内部改造
D	1267.78	130.65	46	大规模低密度发展：上罗村、马鞍山村、李河村、官堂垴村、袁伏二村、欧家港村、华垅村、堰畈桥村和江添受村迁村并点区向镇区集中,以城镇安置房建设为主
E	534.64	90.82	18	大规模中、低密度发展：推进欧家港村和天台山村协同整治与共建共享
F	791.07	149.84	29	大规模低密度发展：天台山村、矿山村、王祠村、洋塘村和南山村迁村并点区向该区集中,以村庄内部闲置区安置和独立区建新为主
G	79.44	16.92	4	控制现状规模、低密度发展：王祠村内部改造
H	343.71	77.05	25	大规模中密度发展：小雷山村、王祠村、刘家畈村和南山村协同整治,建设四村共享中心居民区