城市灾害社会脆弱性研究热点问题评述与展望

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.08.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对城市灾害社会脆弱性研究的热点问题及趋向进行了深入的梳理和总结。研究发现,现阶段社会脆弱性研究已经成为城市灾害脆弱性的重要研究范式,但学者们在城市灾害社会脆弱性综合维度的界定、脆弱性评估方法构建、社会脆弱性与灾害种类相关性判读以及研究尺度选取等方面存在明显的争议。对这些争议进行了深入探讨,并对未来城市灾害社会脆弱性研究进行了展望,以期为中国城市防灾减灾工作提供科学参考。

关键词: 城市灾害, 社会脆弱性, 热点问题, 异质性

Abstract:

With the rapid urbanization development, China is facing the realistic demand of urban disaster prevention and mitigation presently. Strengthening the research on the urban social vulnerability to disaster and promoting the sound and safety development of urban has an important academic and practical significance. Based on the domestic and foreign research of urban social vulnerability to disaster, this article tries to make a deep review and summary, which focuses on some hot issues on urban social vulnerability to disasters. The study finds that: Presently, the social vulnerability has become an important research paradigm for urban vulnerability to disaster. However, scholars have obvious controversy on definition of the comprehensive dimension of social vulnerability to urban disaster, construction of vulnerability assessment method, interpretation of the relationship between social vulnerability and natural hazards, and the selection of the study scale etc. This article attempts to make an in-depth discussion on these disputes, and puts forward future research direction for the urban social vulnerability to disaster research, which will provide some scientific basis for the future work of urban disaster prevention and mitigation of China.

Key words: urban disaster, social vulnerability, hot issues, spatial heterogeneity

中图分类号:

黄建毅, 苏飞. 城市灾害社会脆弱性研究热点问题评述与展望[J]. 地理科学, 2017, 37(8): 1211-1217.

Jianyi Huang, Fei Su. The Review and Prospect on the Hot Issues of Urban Social Vulnerability to Disasters[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2017, 37(8): 1211-1217.

图/表 3

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脆弱性类别	评估方式	决定因素
自然脆弱性	一种特定类型灾害的发生频率与强度的函数	灾害本身、灾害的强度与灾害发生时暴露在灾害影响区的人口决定其脆弱性水平,是被动型的暴露受灾评估方式
社会脆弱性	可以决定灾害事件强度或者结果的所有因素	人类社会系统固有的特征能决定自然灾害的结果,因此自然环境的变项及暴露的尺度与人类社会自身的特质是评估的决定因子,考虑到人类社会主动应灾能力