长江经济带“4E”协调发展时空格局研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.09.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用综合评价法和耦合协调模型对长江经济带经济发展、生态保护、能源建设和教育质量及其协调发展的时空格局进行分析。研究表明：2003~2014年间长江经济带经济发展指数、生态保护指数、能源建设指数与教育质量指数持续上升,其中经济发展指数增长最为明显;4E综合发展水平、耦合度和协调度均呈现上升趋势,4E协调发展模式由中心聚集向均衡化发展转变。根据研究结论提出加快传统经济向绿色经济发展转型、提高资源环境的生态承载力、降低单位GDP的能源消耗量和提升科技成果的经济转化率的发展建议。

关键词: 经济, 生态, 能源, 教育, 协调发展, 时空格局

Abstract:

Economy, ecology, energy and education (‘Four-E’) are essential elements for promoting regional coordinated development. Construct the comprehensive evaluation index system of 4E in the Yangtze River Economic Zone, comprehensively evaluates the spatial pattern of economic development, ecological protection, energy construction and educational quality of the Yangtze River Economic Zone from 2003 to 2014, and establish the coupling coordination evaluation model, analysis the temporal and spatial evolution trend of 4E coordinated development. Results show that: In 2003, the spatial pattern of ecological protection index of the Yangtze River Economic Zone was that the midstream area higher than the downstream area higher than the upstream area. From 2003 to 2014, the ecological protection index of the downstream areas increased rapidly, upstream area of energy construction and education quality index surpassed than the midstream area. In 2014, the spatial pattern of ecological protection index was that the downstream area higher than the area midstream area higher than the upstream area, the spatial pattern of energy construction and education quality index changed into the downstream area higher than the upstream area higher than the midstream area. In 2003, the spatial pattern of 4E in Yangtze River Economic Zone was the ecological protection index higher than the economic development index higher than the energy construction index higher than the education quality index. From 2003 to 2014, the economic development index, ecological protection index, energy construction index and education quality index of the Yangtze River Economic Zone continued to rise, which the economic development index growth is most obvious, ecological protection and energy construction, education quality growth rate was basically flat. In 2014, the spatial pattern of 4E turned to economic development index higher than the ecological protection index higher than the education quality index higher than the energy construction index. From 2003 to 2014, the 4E coordination index of the Yangtze River Economic Zone showed an upward trend, the coordinated development model of 4E changed from the center gather towards equalization. At the end of this article, some suggestions are put forward, such as accelerate the transformation of traditional economy to green economy, improving the ecological carrying capacity of resources and environment, reducing the energy consumption per unit of GDP and increasing the economic transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements.

Key words: economy, ecology, energy, education, coordinated development, spatial-temporal pattern

中图分类号:

F129.9/X50

王维. 长江经济带“4E”协调发展时空格局研究[J]. 地理科学, 2017, 37(9): 1354-1362.

Wei Wang. Spatio-temporal Pattern of ‘Four-E’ in the Yangtze River Economic Zone[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2017, 37(9): 1354-1362.

图/表 5

表1

4E综合评价系统指标体系及权重"

目标层	准则层	指标层	单位	权重	性质
经济发展（Economic development）	经济规模	地区生产总值	亿元	0.13	正指标
		固定资产投资	亿元	0.08	正指标
		工业增加值	亿元	0.07	正指标
		社会消费品零售总额	亿元	0.06	正指标
	经济质量	人均GDP	元	0.11	正指标
		人均可支配收入	元	0.09	正指标
		人均储蓄存款年底余额	元	0.07	正指标
		失业率	%	0.10	负指标
	经济结构	第二产业占GDP比重	%	0.06	正指标
	经济结构	第三产业占GDP比重	%	0.07	正指标
	经济潜力	GDP增长率	%	0.07	正指标
		固定资产投资增长率	%	0.05	正指标
		社会消费品零售总额增长率	%	0.04	正指标
生态保护（Ecological protection）	生态要素	人均水资源量	m³	0.12	正指标
		人均耕地面积	hm²	0.11	正指标
		森林覆盖率	%	0.09	正指标
	生态建设	造林面积	万hm²	0.07	正指标
		人均公园绿地面积	m²	0.11	正指标
		建成区绿化覆盖率	%	0.06	正指标
		环境污染治理投资占GDP比重	%	0.04	正指标
	生态压力	人均工业废水排放量	t	0.03	负指标
		人均工业二氧化硫排放量	t	0.04	负指标
		人均供水总量	m³	0.06	负指标
		人均城市生活垃圾清运量	t	0.09	负指标
	生态响应	城市污水集中处理率	%	0.05	正指标
		工业固体废弃物综合利用率	%	0.07	正指标
		城市生活垃圾无害化处理率	%	0.06	正指标
能源建设（Energy construction）	能源总量	能源消费量（标准煤）	万t	0.10	正指标
	能源总量	电力消费量	亿kW/h	0.12	正指标
	能源结构	煤炭消费占能源消费比重	%	0.21	负指标
		原油消费占能源消费比重	%	0.16	正指标
		电力消费占能源消费比重	%	0.14	正指标
	能源效益	能源加工转换效率	%	0.12	正指标
	能源效益	单位能耗实现的GDP（标准煤）	万元/t	0.15	正指标
教育质量（Education quality）	教育规模	每万人在校大学生数	人	0.12	正指标
		每万人在校研究生数	人	0.09	正指标
		每万人教授数	人	0.10	正指标
	教育发展	中等教育在校生年增长率	%	0.06	正指标
		高等教育在校生年增长率	%	0.08	正指标
		研究生在校生年增长率	%	0.12	正指标
		初中毕业生升学率	%	0.16	正指标
	教育投入	财政性教育经费占GDP比重	%	0.09	正指标
		预算内教育经费占公共财政开支比重	%	0.10	正指标
		预算内教育经费年增长率	%	0.08	正指标

表1

图1

图2

图3

图4

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