大凌河流域土地利用/覆被变化及其对气候变化的响应研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.09.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于Landsat遥感影像提取大凌河流域1986~2014年7期土地利用/覆被变化信息,并结合1986~2014年流域气候变化情况,发现大凌河流域土地利用变化对流域气候变化具有负面影响。研究表明：① 近30 a大凌河流域土地利用/覆被变化情况表现为：建设用地和农林用地的大幅度扩张,面积分别增加了322.30 km²和1 504.94 km²,并伴随着水域和旱地及其他未利用地面积的显著减少,面积分别减少了102.42 km²和1 724.61 km²;② 大凌河流域近30 a来土地利用变化导致流域平均年降水量、平均相对湿度及平均风速小幅度下降,分别减少了14.94 mm、0.2%和0.04 m/s,平均气温缓慢上升,增长了0.1℃;③ 退耕还林还草及成立凌河保护区等工作能提高流域植被覆盖面积、使流域水域面积得以回升,从而可以缓解城市热岛效应带来的温度升高,提高流域生态环境质量。

关键词: 大凌河流域, 土地利用/覆被变化, 气候变化

Abstract:

This article achieved the extraction of land use and land cover change information of the Daling River Basin from 1986 to 2014 (7 periods) based on Landsat remote sensing image. It was found that land use change has a negative effect on climate by analyzing climate change (13 periods). The results showed that: 1) Construction land and farming-forest land expanded obviously, the area increased respectively by 322.30 km² and 1 504.94 km²accompanying by waters and beach and other unused land shrunk significantly, the area decreased respectively by 102.42 km² and 1 724.61 km²; 2) Land use of Daling River Basin lead to average annual rainfall, average relative humidity and average wind speed minor decreasing, decreased respectively by 14.94 mm, 0.2% and 0.04 m/s; average temperature rising slowly, increased by 0.1℃; 3) Policies of returning farmland to forest and grassland and establishing basin reserve management can increase vegetation and water coverage area, thus relieve temperature rise brought by urban heat island effect and improve the quality of ecological environment in the Daling River Basin.

Key words: the Daling River Basin, land use and land cover change, climate change

中图分类号:

F301.2

裴亮, 刘阳, 陈晨. 大凌河流域土地利用/覆被变化及其对气候变化的响应研究[J]. 地理科学, 2017, 37(9): 1403-1410.

Liang Pei, Yang Liu, Chen Chen. Land Use/Cover Change and Its Impact on Climate Change Response in the Daling River Basin[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2017, 37(9): 1403-1410.

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年份	传感器类型	成像日期	行列号	景数	分辨率（m）
1986	Landsat TM (专题制图仪)	9-9	31/121、32/121	4	30
1986		9-18	31/120、32/120	4	30
1991		8-22	31/121、32/121	4	30
1991		8-31		4	30	31/120、32/120
1995		9-2	31/121、32/121	4	30
1995		8-26		4	30	31/120、32/120
2000		9-15	31/121、32/121	4	30
2000	9-8		31/120、32/120	4	30
2005	8-28	31/121、32/121	4	30
2005	9-6		4	30	31/120、32/120
2009	8-7、8-23	31/121、32/121	4	30
2009	7-15		4	30	31/120、32/120
2014	Landsat OLI (运行性陆地摄像仪)	9-6	31/121、32/121	4	30
2014	Landsat OLI (运行性陆地摄像仪)	9-15	31/120、32/120	4	30

年份	1986	1991	1995	2000	2005	2009	2014
总精度（%）	83.35	85.29	82.95	87.33	85.64	82.93	86.91
Kappa系数	0.8293	0.8473	0.8139	0.8687	0.8314	0.8127	0.8452

年份	面积（km²）					占研究区总面积的百分比（%）
年份	建设用地		农林用地	水域	旱地及其他	建设用地	农林用地	水域	旱地及其他
1986	241.65	33686.68	488.34	2901.63		0.65	90.27	1.31	7.77
1991	246.21	33888.28	486.34	2697.59		0.66	90.81	1.30	7.23
1995	301.11	34124.46	425.14	2467.52		0.81	91.44	1.14	6.61
2000	333.49	34420.97	414.68	2149.33		0.89	92.24	1.11	5.76
2005	398.37	34825.87	394.07	1700.48		1.07	93.32	1.06	4.55
2009	458.36	35177.62	369.64	1312.94		1.23	94.26	0.99	3.52
2014	563.95	35191.62	385.92	1177.02		1.51	94.23	1.11	3.15

时段	变化情况	建设用地	农林用地	水域	旱地及其他未利用地
1986~1991	变化比例（%）	1.90	0.60	-0.41	-7.00
1986~1991	变化速率（km²/a）	0.91	40.32	-0.40	-40.81
1991~1995	变化比例（%）	22.30	0.70	-12.58	-8.53
1991~1995	变化速率（km²/a）	13.73	59.05	-15.30	-59.52
1995~2000	变化比例（%）	10.75	0.87	-2.46	-12.90
1995~2000	变化速率（km²/a）	6.48	59.30	-2.09	-63.64
2000~2005	变化比例（%）	19.45	1.17	-4.97	-20.88
2000~2005	变化速率（km²/a）	12.98	80.38	-4.12	-89.77
2005~2009	变化比例（%）	15.06	1.01	-6.20	-22.79
2005~2009	变化速率（km²/a）	15.00	87.94	-6.11	-96.89
2009~2014	变化比例（%）	23.04	0.04	4.40	-10.35
2009~2014	变化速率（km²/a）	21.12	2.80	3.26	-27.18