大陆台资跨界生产网络的空间组织模式及其复杂性研究——基于大陆台商千大企业数据

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.10.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于中华征信所数据库中大陆台商千大企业数据中1988~2014年的台资母子企业注册时间、详细地址、行业类型、主营业务等数据,运用复杂网络分析方法,采用GIS、Matlab和Gephi等技术手段,考察大陆台资跨界生产网络的空间组织模式及其复杂性拓扑结构特征。研究结果表明：1）台商千大企业的时空演进具有明显的区域差异性和行业指向性,即整体上呈“南密北疏”“东高西低”的格局,集中分布于以上海、广东、福建、重庆为代表的长三角、珠三角、海西区、西三角等地区,分别以制造业中的电子信息、机械和石化产业、以服务业中的一般批发零售业和信息传输、计算机服务与软件业等生产性服务业为主;2）大陆台资跨界生产网络的空间结构特征表现为：网络联系覆盖地域广泛;呈三轴放射状空间结构;网络联系键的空间异质性显著;3）大陆台资跨界生产网络处于随机网络向无标度网络分布的过渡期,并表现为出明显的小世界网络特征。

关键词: 企业组织联系, 空间关联网络, 网络基本要素, 复杂网络, 大陆台商千大企业

Abstract:

This article examines the spatial organization pattern and its complexity structure characteristics of cross-border production networks of Taiwan-funded enterprises in mainland China with the aid of GIS, Matlab and Gephi, based on firm-level data such as registration time, addresses, industry types, main businesses of Top 1 000 Taiwan-funded enterprises in mainland China during 1988-2014. The results show that: 1) There are obvious regional differences and industrial directivity in the spatio-temporal evolution pattern of Top 1 000 Taiwan-funded enterprises in 1988-2014, namely, “south dense north sparse” and “east high and west low” on the whole. They concentrate in the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, the West Sea, the West Triangle Economic zoo, respectively represented by electronic information, machinery and petrochemical industries in all the manufacturing industry and by the producer services industry such as wholesale and retail services and information transmission, computer services and software industry 2) Spatial structure features of cross-border production networks of Taiwan-funded enterprise in mainland China are showed as: a. Network contact covers a wide range; b. Network contact presents a three axis radial space structure which was taken Taipei as the core, along the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and the West Triangle; c. The spatial heterogeneity of the network connection keys is significant; 3) The cross-border production network of Taiwan-funded enterprises in mainland China is in transition from the random network to the scale-free one, characterized by small world network, and forms six big city communities. But there are still some shortcomings, which are also our further research direction.

Key words: enterprise organization, spatial correlation networks, basic elements of the network, complex network, top 1000 Taiwan-funded enterprises in mainland China

中图分类号:

K902

陈艳华, 韦素琼, 陈松林. 大陆台资跨界生产网络的空间组织模式及其复杂性研究——基于大陆台商千大企业数据[J]. 地理科学, 2017, 37(10): 1517-1526.

Yanhua Chen, Suqiong Wei, Songlin Chen. The Spatial Organization Pattern and Its Complexity Characteristics of Cross-Border Production Networks of Taiwan-funded Enterprises in Mainland China: Based on Top 1 000 Taiwan-funded Enterprises in Mainland China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2017, 37(10): 1517-1526.

图/表 8

图1

图2

图 3

表1

图4

图5

图6

图7

参考文献 38

[1]	吴康,方创琳,赵渺希.中国城市网络的空间组织及其复杂性结构特征[J].地理研究,2015,34(4):711-728.
	[Wu Kang,Fang Chuanglin,Zhao Miaoxi.The spatial organization and structure complexity of Chinese intercity networks. Geographical Research,2015,34(4):711-728.]
[2]	徐进钰. 介面的经济地理意义:硅谷-新竹-苏沪的跨界连结[M]//海峡两岸地理学术研讨会暨2001年学术年会论文摘要集.北京,上海:中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,华东师范大学,2001.
	[Xu Jinyu.The economic geography of interfaces: cross-border links between silicon valley. //In: Geographical symposium on cross-straits and academic conference paper sets. Beijing and Shanghai:Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, East Normal University,2001.]
[3]	Scott A J. Technopolis: high-technology industry and regional development in southern California[J].Journal of Regional Science,1993(2): 338-339. doi: 10.2307/144318
[4]	杨友仁,夏铸九.跨界生产网络的组织治理模式—以苏州地区信息电子业台商为例[J].地理研究,2005,24(2):253-264. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0585.2005.02.012
	[Yang Youren,Xia Zhujiu.The organizational governance model of cross-border production networks-Taiwanese information electronics industry in Suzhou as an example.Geographical Research,2005,24(2):253-264.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0585.2005.02.012
[5]	Gereffi G.Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism[M]. USA: Praeger Press, 1994.
[6]	Gereffi G,Humphrey J,Sturgeon T J.The Governance of Global Value Chain[J].Review of International Political Economy,2005,12(1):78-104. doi: 10.1080/09692290500049805
[7]	Porter M E.On Competition[M].Boston:Harvard Business School Press,1998.
[8]	Henderson J,Dicken P, Hess M et al. Global production networks and the analysis of economic development[J].Review of International Political Economy,2002,9(3):436-464. doi: 10.1080/09692290210150842
[9]	Ernst D,Kim L.Global production networks,knowledge diffusion, and local capability formation[J].Research Policy,2002,31(8-9):1417-1429. doi: 10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00072-0
[10]	Coe N M,Martin H, Wai-Chung Y H et al.Globalizing Regional Development:A Global Production Networks Perspective[J].Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers,2004,29(4):468-484. doi: 10.1111/tran.2004.29.issue-4
[11]	张正博. 全球生产网络理论发展过程与发展态势分析[J].经济研究导刊,2010(30):5-6. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-291X.2010.30.003
	[Zhang Zhengbo. The development process and trend of Global production networks theory. Economic Research Guide,2010(30):5-6.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-291X.2010.30.003
[12]	马海涛,周春山.“生产网络范式”在不同空间尺度的应用评述[J].世界地理研究,2010,19(2):84-90. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2010.02.011
	[Ma Haitao,Zhou Chunshan.The review on applications of production networks paradigm to different geographical scales.World Regional Studies,2010,19(2):84-90.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2010.02.011
[13]	吴锋. 生产边界与生产网络——全球生产网络研究述评[J].上海经济研究,2009,(5):103-110.
	[Wu Feng.Production frontier and production network—A review of global production networks. Shanghai Economic Review,2009,(5):103-110.]
[14]	朱妮娜,叶春明.全球及东亚区域生产网络研究文献综述[J].云南财经大学学报:社会科学版,2011,(6):18-23.
	[Zhu Nina,Ye Chunming.A review OF Global and the east Asian regional production networks.Yunnan Finance & Economics University Journal of Economics & Management,2011,(6):18-23.]
[15]	杨春. 台资跨境生产网络的空间重组—电脑企业从珠三角到长三角的转移[J].地理学报,2011,66(10):1343-1354. doi: 10.11821/xb201110005
	[Yang Chun.Restructuring the Cross-Border Production Networks of Taiwanese Investment in China: Relocation of Personal Computer Firms from Pearl River Delta to Yangtze River Delta.Acta Geographica Sinica,2011,66(10):1343-1354.] doi: 10.11821/xb201110005
[16]	王益民,宋琰纹.全球生产网络效应、集群封闭性及其“升级悖论”——基于大陆台商笔记本电脑产业集群的分析[J].中国工业经济,2007,(4): 46-53.
	[Wang Yimin,Song Yanwen.Global Production Network Effect,Cluster Closure,and Paradox of Upgrading—An Analysis Based on Taiwanese Notebook Computer Cluster in Mainland China.China Industrial Economics,2007,(4):46-53.]
[17]	李翔宇. 台湾投资大陆制造业的产业网络化研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2009.
	[Li Xiangyu.A study on Taiwan-funded manufacturing industry networks in mainland China.Beijing:Masteral Dissertation of Beijing Polytechnic University,2009.]
[18]	Wang J C, Hsingchin H.The Association between the Operating Efficiency of Taiwanese FDI Enterprises in Mainland China and the Investment Performance of Their Parent Companies[J]. Chinese Studies, 2014, 3(3):100-112. doi: 10.4236/chnstd.2014.33014
[19]	Dicken P,Kelly P F, Olds K et al.Chains and networks,territories and scales:towards a relational framework for analyzing the global economy[J].Global Networks,2001,1(2):89-112. doi: 10.1111/1471-0374.00007
[20]	Defever, Fabrice.The spatial organization of multinational firms[J]. Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique,2012, 45(2):672-697. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5982.2012.01708.x
[21]	Alcacer J,Delgado M.Spatial organization of firms and location choices through the value chain[J].Clinical Microbiology & Infection,2013, 17(7):1001-1006. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03328.x
[22]	Marcuello C.Spatial patterns and determinants in New Firm Formation: are cooperatives different?[J].Small Business Economics,2014, 44(1):171-187. doi: 10.1007/s11187-014-9581-5
[23]	Keuschnigg C,Devereux M P.The arm's length principle and distortions to multinational firm organization[J].Journal of International Economics,2013,89(2):432-440. doi: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2012.08.007
[24]	Wall R S, Knaap G A V D. Sectoral Differentiation and Network Structure Within Contemporary Worldwide Corporate Networks[J].Economic Geography,2011,87(3):267-308. doi: 10.1111/j.1944-8287.2011.01122.x
[25]	Lüthi S,Thierstein A,Goebel V.Intra-firm and extra-firm linkages in the knowledge economy:the case of the emerging mega-city region of Munich[J]. Global Networks,2010,10(1):114-137. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0374.2010.00277.x
[26]	Jacobs W,Ducruet C,Langen P D.Integrating world cities into production networks:the case of port cities[J].Global Networks,2010,10(1): 92-113. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0374.2010.00276.x
[27]	李健,宁越敏,汪明峰.计算机产业全球生产网络分析—兼论其在中国大陆的发展[J].地理学报,2008,63(4):437-448. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2008.04.013
	[Li Jian,Ning Yuemin,Wang Mingfeng.Global Production Networks of computer industry and its development in mainland China.Acta Geographica Sinica, 2008,63(4): 437-448.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2008.04.013
[28]	李仙德. 基于企业网络的城市网络研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2012.
	[Li Xiande.A study on urban networks based on the enterprise network. Shanghai:Doctoral Dissertation of East China Normal University,2012.]
[29]	汪小帆,李翔,陈关荣.复杂网络理论及其应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.
	[Wang Xiaofan,Li Xiang,Chen Guangrong.The theory and its application of complex networks.Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2006.]
[30]	Barabasi A L, Reka Albert. Emergence of scaling in random networks[J]. Science, 1999(286): 509-512. doi: 10.1126/science.286.5439.509 pmid: 10521342
[31]	Watts D J, Strogatz S H. Collective dynamics of ‘small world’ networks[J]. Nature, 1998(393): 440-442.
[32]	冷炳荣. 从网络研究到城市网络[D].兰州:兰州大学,2011.
	[Leng Bingrong.Research from the network to the city network. Lanzhou:Doctoral Dissertation of Lanzhou University,2011.]
[33]	韦素琼,陈松林,陈进栋,等.三重开放、交通设施完善与制造业集聚——基于福建省的分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.
	[Wei Suqiong,Chen Sunlin, Chen Jindong et al. The analysis of ‘Ternary Opening up’,traffic facilities and manufacturing Agglomeration—A Case in Fujian province. Beijing:Science Press,2014.]
[34]	陈嘉,韦素琼,陈松林.近20年来台湾对大陆直接投资的空间格局演化[J].经济地理,2012,32(11):89-93.
	[Chen Jia,Wei Suqiong,Chen Songlin.Evolvement of spatial pattern of TDI in Mainland China for resent 20 years.Economic Geography,2012,32(11):89-93.]
[35]	金钟范. 基于企业母子联系的中国跨国城市网络结构——以中韩城市之间联系为例[J].地理研究,2010,29(9):1670-1682. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1084.2010.00199
	[Jing Zhongfan.A study On structural properties of transnational urban network based on multinational enterprises network in China:As the case of link with South Korea.Geographical Research,2010,29(9):1670-1682.] doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1084.2010.00199
[36]	谷艳博. 上海日资企业空间组织研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2013.
	[Gu Yanbo.A study on the spatial organization of Japanese enterprises in Shanghai. Shanghai:Doctoral Dissertation of East China Normal University,2013.]
[37]	赵渺希,陈晨.中国城市体系中航空网络与生产性服务业网络的比较[J].城市规划学刊,2011,(2):24-32.
	[Zhao Miaoxi,Chen Chen.A study on a comparison between Chinese aviation network in urban system and the producer services network.Urban Planning Forum,2011,(2):24-32.]
[38]	赵渺希,刘铮. 基于生产性服务业的中国城市网络研究[J].城市规划,2012(9):23-28.
	[Zhao Miaoxi,Liu Zheng. Reasearch on China’s city network based on production service industry. China City Planning Review,2012(9):23-28.]

	苏州	上海	深圳	东莞	广州	厦门	无锡	宁波	天津	惠州	重庆	中山	福州	扬州	杭州	镇江	常州	佛山	南京	武汉	成都	青岛	漳州	北京	南通	泰州	烟台	郑州	珠海	淮安	济南	其他61 个城市	合计
台北	69	49	9	26	18	11	8	4	10	4	8	5	4	6	8	5	7		4	7	4	4	5	3	8	3	1	1	2		4	29	326
新北	44	17	21	13	3	2	6	2	5	5	4	4	2		3	2		2	3	2	1			4			6	4	1	3		19	178
桃园	41	13	7	6	2	3	4	3	2	7	1	1	5	2								1								2		10	110
新竹	31	6	4	1	1	4	1	3			2	4		3				2	1		1	1				1						0	66
台中	18	6	6	8		4			1	2	1	1		2		3		1			1	1							1			6	62
台南	10	3	3	2	1	1	2	2	1	1	1	1	1		1	1	1	3		1	1	1	2	1		3		1			1	15	61
高雄	14	7	5	3	3		3	4	1	1						1	3	1				1	1			1			2			3	54
苗栗	9	2	3	1	1		1	2						1	1			1	2		1											1	26
彰化	7		4	1		3	1	3	2		1					1							1									2	26
云林	1						1						2																			2	6
南投	1	2	1																													1	5
其他3个市县					1	1			1																							1	4
总计	245	105	63	61	30	29	27	23	23	20	18	16	14	14	13	13	11	10	10	10	9	9	9	8	8	8	7	6	6	5	5	89	924