自然的社会建构：西方人文地理学对自然的再认识

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.11.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自然的社会建构作为西方人文地理学界对自然的再思考,渐成为理解自然与社会互动的重要理论框架,并逐步成为推动人地和谐、可持续发展研究的新范式。通过梳理自然的社会建构研究理论源起并对西方涉及自然的社会建构的研究文献进行全面梳理发现,自然的社会建构并非单纯指基于建构主义视角考察自然的知识生产或价值与意义,还应该关注自然被生产与形构的商品化过程。现有议题主要聚焦于政治与自然、商品化与自然、社会情感与自然以及日常生活与自然四大方面。在此基础上,进一步提出了国内未来研究需要关注的重要方向。

关键词: 自然, 社会建构, 西方人文地理学, 人地关系

Abstract:

The approach of social construction of nature has become an important theoretical framework in understanding the interplay between society and nature in western Human Geography as geographers has long endeavored to integrate Human Geography and Physical Geography. “Social construction of nature” not only refers to the process and transformation by which nature is materially formed and commodified, but also emphasizes that the ideas of nature are socially constructed and culturally determined, which intrinsically related to subjective meanings, power, discourse, and representation. This approach therefore arguably sheds new light on cultivating harmonious human-place relationship and substantial development. This article seeks to review on the theory of social construction of nature and related literature, and outlines four aspect of focuses: the politics of nature, the commercialization of nature, social emotion and nature, and everyday life and nature. We argue that social construction of nature is not merely a social constructionist approach that primarily focuses on the knowledge production and social value and meaning imposed on the nature, but also intellectually rewarding in seeing both material and symbolic form of nature as interactively constituted with each other. Most importantly, the material changes of nature are often interactively tied up with the values and meanings of nature. At last, this article proposes the future research areas that requires further theoretical and empirical investigation including the dynamics and effects of social construction of nature amidst China social transformation, power relationships and negotiation underlying the socialize process of nature, capital’s impacts upon the reconstruction of nature, and individuals’ emotional response to social construction of nature. Hence, we argue that the positivist understanding of nature need to articulate with social constructionist approach, which reconcile the material change of nature with social meanings and relationships. This article seeks to enrich the interdisciplinary research of nature in domestic Human Geography and Physical Geography.

Key words: nature, social construction, western Human Geography, human-environment system

中图分类号:

K901.6

朱竑, 尹铎. 自然的社会建构：西方人文地理学对自然的再认识[J]. 地理科学, 2017, 37(11): 1609-1616.

Hong Zhu, Duo Yin. Social Construction of Nature: The Rethink of Western Human Geography on Nature[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2017, 37(11): 1609-1616.

图/表 2

参考文献 43

[1]	吴传钧. 论地理学的研究核心——人地关系地域系统[J]. 经济地理, 1991, 11(3): 1-6.
	[Wu Chuanjun.The core of geographical science: Man land system. Economic Geography, 1991, 11(3): 1-6.]
[2]	Tadaki M, Salmond J, Le Heron R et al. Nature, culture, and the work of physical geography[J]. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 2012, 37(4): 547-562. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-5661.2011.00495.x
[3]	Pedynowski D.Science (s) which, when and whose? Probing the metanarrative of scientific knowledge in the social construction of nature[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 2003, 27(6): 735-752. doi: 10.1191/0309132503ph459oa
[4]	Cresswell T.Geographic thought: A critical introduction[M]. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2012:240-246.
[5]	Gerber J.Beyond dualism—The social construction of nature and the natural and social construction of human beings[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 1997, 21(1): 1-17. doi: 10.1191/030913297671906269
[6]	Woodgate G,Redclift M.From a ‘sociology of nature’to environmental sociology: Beyond social construction[J]. Environmental values, 1998, 7(1): 3-24. doi: 10.3197/096327198129341447
[7]	Proctor J D.The social construction of nature: Relativist accusations, pragmatist and critical realist responses[J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 1998, 88(3): 352-376. doi: 10.1111/0004-5608.00105
[8]	陆大道. 中国地理学的发展与全球变化研究[J]. 地理学报, 2011, 66(2): 147-156.
	[Lu Dadao.Development of geographical sciences and research on global change in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(2): 147-156.]
[9]	Williams R.Keywords: A vocabulary of culture and society (2nd ed)[M]. London: Flamingo, 1983:221.
[10]	莱斯利·A·豪. 哈贝马斯[M]. 陈志刚,译.北京: 中华书局,2002:8-20.
	[Howe A L. Habermas. Translated by Chen Zhigang.Beijing: Zhonghua book company,2002: 8-20.]
[11]	Castree N.Social nature: Theory, practice, and politics[M]. Oxford, Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 2001.
[12]	Hung P Y. Tea Production, Land Use Politics, and Ethnic Minorities: Struggling over Dilemmas in China’s Southwest Frontier[M]. New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.
[13]	Demeritt D.The nature of metaphors in cultural geography and environmental history[J]. Progress in human geography, 1994, 18: 163-163. doi: 10.1177/030913259401800203
[14]	Castree N.The nature of produced nature: Materiality and knowledge construction in Marxism[J]. Antipode, 1995, 27(1): 12-48. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8330.1995.tb00260.x
[15]	解雪峰, 濮励杰, 朱明, 等.土壤水盐运移模型研究进展及展望[J].地理科学, 2016, 36(10): 1565-1572.
	[Xie Xuefeng, Pu Lijie, Zhu Ming et al. Evolution and prospects in modeling of water and salt transport in soils. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2016, 36(10): 1565-1572.]
[16]	胡刚, 宋慧, 石星军.基于单位汇水面积的地形因子特征评价[J].地理科学, 2016, 36(4): 621-627. doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.04.017
	[Hu Gang, Song Hui, Shi Xingjun.Evaluation of topography factors based on the unit contributing catchment area. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2016, 36(4): 621-627.] doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.04.017
[17]	Castree N.False antitheses? Marxism, nature and actor-networks[J]. Antipode, 2002, 34(1): 111-146. doi: 10.1111/1467-8330.00228
[18]	Demeritt D.What is the ‘social construction of nature’? A typology and sympathetic critique[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 2002, 26(6): 767-790. doi: 10.1191/0309132502ph402oa
[19]	Braun B, Castree N (Eds). Remaking reality:Nature at the millennium[M]. London: Routledge,2005:3-18.
[20]	Harvey D.Justice, nature and the geography of difference[M]. Oxford: Blackwell,1996.
[21]	Smith N.Uneven development: Nature, capital and the production of space[M]. New York: Blackwell, 1984.
[22]	Castree N.Nature[M]. New York: Routledge, 2005.
[23]	Castree N.Making sense of nature[M]. New York: Routledge, 2014.
[24]	Rutherford S.Green governmentality: Insights and opportunities in the study of nature’s rule[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 2007, 31(3): 291-307. doi: 10.1177/0309132507077080
[25]	Manzo K.Earthworks: The geopolitical visions of climate change cartoons[J]. Political Geography, 2012, 31(8): 481-494. doi: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2012.09.001
[26]	Robbins P.Political ecology: A critical introduction[M]. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2011:12.
[27]	Neumann R P.Political ecology: Theorizing scale[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 2009, 33(3): 398. doi: 10.1177/0309132508096353
[28]	Dant T.Material culture in the social world[M]. Buckingham: Open University Press, 1999.
[29]	Castree N.Commodifying what nature?[J]. Progress in human Geography, 2003, 27(3): 273-297. doi: 10.1191/0309132503ph428oa
[30]	Collard R C.Putting animals back together, taking commodities apart[J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 2014, 104(1): 151-165. doi: 10.1080/00045608.2013.847750
[31]	Lulka D.The residual humanism of hybridity: Retaining a sense of the earth[J]. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 2009, 34(3): 378-393. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-5661.2009.00346.x
[32]	Yeh E T, Lama K T.Following the caterpillar fungus: Nature, commodity chains, and the place of Tibet in China’s uneven geographies[J]. Social & Cultural Geography, 2013, 14(3): 318-340. doi: 10.1080/14649365.2013.765025
[33]	Kearns R, Collins D.Feeling for the coast: The place of emotion in resistance to residential development[J]. Social & Cultural Geography, 2012, 13(8): 937-955. doi: 10.1080/14649365.2012.730150
[34]	Bonanno G A, Brewin C R, Kaniasty K et al. Weighing the costs of disaster consequences, risks, and resilience in individuals, families, and communities[J]. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 2010, 11(1): 1-49. doi: 10.1177/1529100610387086
[35]	Eriksen C, Gill N.Bushfire and everyday life: Examining the awareness-action ‘gap’ in changing rural landscapes[J]. Geoforum, 2010, 41(5): 814-825. doi: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2010.05.004
[36]	Whittle R, Walker M, Medd W et al. Flood of emotions: emotional work and long-term disaster recovery[J]. Emotion, space and society, 2012, 5(1): 60-69. doi: 10.1016/j.emospa.2011.08.002
[37]	Datta A.Gendered nature and urban culture: The dialectics of gated developments in Izmir, Turkey[J]. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 2014, 38(4): 1363-1383. doi: 10.1111/1468-2427.12081
[38]	Pellegrini P, Baudry S.Streets as new places to bring together both humans and plants: Examples from Paris and Montpellier (France)[J]. Social & Cultural Geography,2014,15(8): 871-900. doi: 10.1080/14649365.2014.974067
[39]	Tuan Y F.Dominance & affection: The making of pets[M]. New Havern: Yale University Press, 1984.
[40]	Power E.Furry families: making a human-dog family through home[J]. Social & Cultural Geography, 2008, 9(5): 535-555. doi: 10.1080/14649360802217790
[41]	Longhurst R.Plots, plants and paradoxes: Contemporary domestic gardens in Aotearoa/New Zealand[J]. Social & Cultural Geography, 2006, 7(4): 581-593. doi: 10.1080/14649360600825729
[42]	Shillington L.Being (s) in relation at home: Socio-natures of patio ‘gardens’ in Managua, Nicaragua[J]. Social & Cultural Geography, 2008, 9(7): 755-776. doi: 10.1080/14649360802382560
[43]	魏柱灯, 方修琦, 苏筠.气候变化对中国古代财政平衡的影响[J].地理科学, 2015, 35(9): 1156-1163.
[44]	刘艳军, 田俊峰, 付占辉, 等.哈大巨型城市带要素集聚程度与生态环境水平关系演变[J].地理科学, 2017, 37(2): 172-180.
	[Liu Yanjun, Tian Junfeng, Fu Zhanhui et al. The evolution of the relationship between the degree of element agglomeration and the level of the ecological environment in the Harbin-Dalian giant urban belt. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2017, 37(2): 172-180.]
[45]	林移刚, 刘志伟. 从乡规民约石刻看历史时期云南民间的环境意识[J]. 地理研究, 2012, 31(8): 1512-1522.
	[Lin Yigang, Liu Zhiwei.Analysis of environmental awareness of folk conventions in ancient Yunnan: Taking the stone carvings of folk conventions as an example. Geographical Research, 2012, 31(8): 1512-1522.]
[46]	李华, 叶敬忠. 被捕获的自然: 重审水资源商品化[J]. 中国农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2014, 31(2): 40-47.
	[Li Hua, Ye Jingzhong.Captured nature: Rethinking water commodification. China Agricultural University Journal of Social Sciences Edition, 2014, 31(2): 40-47.]
[43]	[Wei Zhudeng, Fang Xiuqi, Su Yun.Climate impacts on the fiscal balance in ancient China. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2015, 35(9): 1156-1163.]