长江经济带区域合作的格局与演变

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.12.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

梳理区域合作的政治经济环境演变,试图对长江经济带区域合作的主体、主题、形式和发展水平等进行综合分析。流域管治事务复杂,部门管理与行政区管理交叉,造就了区域合作模式多样与发展水平差异。经济带在长江防洪、大通关和检疫等方面的合作发展迅速,而在水资源环境、港口岸线、基础设施和生态补偿等方面的信息共享和合作平台建设仍发展缓慢。长三角已经建立了覆盖全、层次多、主题丰富的区域合作机制;由于国家长期对成渝经济区的推崇,两地在区域性项目建设上合作密切;中游四省合作发展水平相对最低,缺乏强有力的中心城市引领,地区竞争大于合作激励。

关键词: 长江经济带, 区域合作, 政治经济环境

Abstract:

In the context of economic globalization, connections between different cities and regions become much closer, which calls for intensive regional cooperation on the increasing-intersected regional affairs. Based on the framework of political-economy analysis, this article sorts out the changing context and the structure of major administrative bodies at horizontal and vertical levels in the Yangtze Economic Belt, and it evaluates the development levels of regional cooperation in the whole economic belt, lower, middle and upper reaches, respectively, in terms of cooperation structures, cooperative subjects and cooperative forms. In general, there are several regional cooperation patterns emerging in the Yangtze Economic Belt because of the huge regional differences of economic development and marketization levels, as well as the complicated Yangtze water-related governance affairs. The most developed subjects of regional cooperation among the 11 province-level units are located in the flood control, customs clearance policies, and quarantine. However the necessitated regional cooperation in the water resources and environment management, waterfront and port management, infrastructure construction and management, and ecological compensation and relevant platform of information-sharing are still under developed and lag behind the needs of integrated social and economic development in the economic belt. Comparatively, regional cooperation is at the highest level of development among Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang in the lower reaches, and multi-level coordination mechanisms have been established to fulfill their agreements on many subjects, such as tourism and transpiration building, etc. The development level of regional cooperation in the upper reaches is higher than that in the middle reaches. In the upper reaches, regional cooperation is concentrated between Chongqing and Sichuan and several regional projects have been co-built because of their rooted similarities in cultural and historical background, as well as the promotion of central government. Lastly, regional cooperation is hampered among the four provinces in the middle reaches because there is lack of a strong economic center to drive the cooperation as that in the lower reaches, and they also have more incentives to compete for attracting industrial transfer from Eastern China than to cooperate for regional govenance affairs.

Key words: the Yangtze Economic Belt, regional cooperation, political-economic context

中图分类号:

F062.9

王磊, 段学军, 杨清可. 长江经济带区域合作的格局与演变[J]. 地理科学, 2017, 37(12): 1841-1849.

Lei Wang, Xuejun Duang, Qingke Yang. The Development Pattern and Its Evolution of Regional Cooperation in the Yangtze River Economic Belt[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2017, 37(12): 1841-1849.

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子流域	省市	人均GDP （万元）	市场化指数^[32]	外向型经济指数
下游	上海	9.71	11.71	1.22
	江苏	8.18	10.55	0.53
	浙江	7.29	11.39	0.54
中游	安徽	3.43	7.73	0.15
	江西	3.46	7.29	0.17
	湖北	4.71	7.40	0.10
	湖南	4.01	7.19	0.07
上游	重庆	4.77	8.10	0.41
	四川	3.51	7.66	0.15
	贵州	2.64	5.57	0.07
	云南	2.72	6.15	0.14

名称	管理权限
水利部（长江水利委员会）	水行政,水资源管理和监督
环保部（华东、华南、西南环境保护督查中心）	水污染防治
住建部	城市的供水、排水和污水治理
农业部（长江流域渔业资源管理委员会）	农业的面源污染控制、保护渔业水域环境与野生动物栖息地
国家林业局	流域生态、水源涵养保护与管理和湿地管理
国家发改委	水资源开发与生态环境建设规划,平衡农业、林业、水利等部门发展规划与政策
交通部（长江航务管理局）	内河航运、船舶排污控制
卫生部	监督管理流域饮用水水源标准

一体化管理平台	成立年份	管理内容	主要成员
长江防汛抗旱总指挥部	1962	流域防汛抗旱工作	湖北（总指挥）、长委（常务副总指挥）、四川、重庆、湖南、江西、安徽、江苏、上海等省市分管领导担任副总指挥
长江上游水土保持委员会	1988	水土保持管理	发改委、水利部、农业部、林业部、云南、贵州、四川、甘肃、陕西、重庆、湖北
长江省际边界重点河段河道采砂管理联席会议	2004	采砂管理	中下游的湖北、江西、安徽、江苏省水利厅、相关市县的水上执法单位
水利部、交通运输部长江河道采砂管理领导小组联席会议	2009	采砂管理	水利部、交通运输部
长江水运发展协调领导小组会议	2006~2013	水运发展与规划	交通部和沿江7省2市
航运2+N合作模式	2014	水深规划、航运管理	交通部长航局、沿江省市级交通运输厅（委）牵头,联合该省市境内多个沿江地市政府
海关总署主导	2014	海关通关	9省2市直属海关
国家质检总局主导	2015	检验检疫	9省2市检疫局

地区	主要合作范围	协调机制	合作主题	发展水平
长江经济带	沿岸重点城市	政府机制主导	基于项目的防洪、港口和航道治理等	低
下游地区	全覆盖、跨地区和多层次	政府机制+市场机制+法律	全面开展	较高
中游地区	鄂湘赣三省区,武汉、长沙、合肥、南昌等省会城市	政府机制主导	战略合作+争取国家资源和政策+部分专项协议	较低
上游地区	主要在成渝地区	政府机制主导	战略合作+基础设施	中等