黑河中游现代孢粉传播过程研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.12.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在位于河西走廊的黑河中游地区选取8个河流沉积样品和7个表土样品进行孢粉分析,通过其孢粉百分含量分别探讨河流与风力搬运对孢粉传播的影响。结果表明：风力对孢粉具有较强的搬运能力,能够将区域外或上游山地植被孢粉搬运至中游地区,但其对当地孢粉贡献较小,一般低于10%;河流搬运孢粉的能力大于风力,能够将上游山地植被孢粉大量的搬运至研究区,外来孢粉含量最高可达39.4%,成为孢粉谱的重要成分。表土孢粉组合能够较好的反映研究区现代植被的分布情况;河床沉积物孢粉组合反映的是上游山地植被和研究区植被混合状况。

关键词: 现代孢粉传播, 干旱区, 黑河中游, 河流搬运, 风力搬运

Abstract:

Modern pollen assemblages in the arid regions and consequently the fossil ones, considerably differ from the modern vegetation and palaeo-vegetation caused by various dispersal agents, depending on the sampled location and the geographical conditions. Fluvial flow and wind are the main agents to influence the pollen transportation in the arid regions. Exotic pollen carried by these two dispersal agents could interrupt the relationship between the pollen and vegetation. Therefore, the influences of these two dispersal agents on the pollen transportation must be taken into account as reconstructing the palaeo-vegetation and the palaeo-environment via fossil pollen data. Moreover, a distinction should be made between the local pollen, which indicate the conditions around the sapling sites; and the exotic pollen, that rather represent far away vegetation, together with the energy and possibilities of the dispersal agents. To do this, we collected 8 riverbed samples and 7 surface soil samples for pollen analysis across the middle reach of Heihe River, located in the Hexi Corridor. The results showed that wind affects the pollen transportation relatively weak, percentages of exotic pollen transported by wind are usually under 10%. The surface soil pollen assemblages can reflect the distribution of local vegetation. While fluvial flow could carry more pollen from the upland to the study area and strongly affect the pollen transportation. Notably, the percentages of exotic pollen transported by fluvial flow reach up to 39.4%, and exotic pollen becomes the dominance of the pollen assemblages, leading an inaccurate relationship between the pollen assemblages and the local vegetation. The pollen assemblages of fluvial sediments mirror the distribution of upland vegetation and local vegetation.

Key words: modern pollen transport, arid regions, middle reach of Heihe River, fluvial transportation, wind carrying

中图分类号:

P534.63

常婧, 惠争闯, 耿豪鹏, 胡小飞, 潘保田. 黑河中游现代孢粉传播过程研究[J]. 地理科学, 2017, 37(12): 1925-1932.

Jing Chang, Zhengchuang Hui, Haopeng Geng, Xiaofei Hu, Baotian Pan. Modern Pollen Transportation Process in the Middle Reach of the Heihe River[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2017, 37(12): 1925-1932.

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样品编号	纬度（N）	经度（E）	海拔（m）	样品类型	主要植物
SS1	39.259°	100.273°	1383	表土苔藓样品	芦苇（Phragmites australias）、猪毛菜（Salsola collina）、柳（Salix）、蒿、菊科、毛茛科、杨（Populus）、沙枣（Elaeagnus angustifolia）、榆
SS2	39.308°	100.199°	1375	表土苔藓样品	柳、杨、柽柳、针茅草（Stipa capillata ）
SS3	39.359°	100.005°	1364	表土苔藓样品	柽柳、胡杨（Populus euphratica）、针茅草、芦苇、菊科
SS4	39.355°	99.912°	1348	表土苔藓样品	芦苇、柽柳、菊科
SS5	39.386°	99.884°	1355	表土苔藓样品	芦苇、胡杨、柳、菊科、猪毛菜
SS6	39.462°	99.733°	1329	表土苔藓样品	菊科、芦苇、柳、柽柳、豆科（Leguminosae）、杨、猪毛菜
SS7	39.488°	99.679°	1312	表土苔藓样品	芦苇、柳、柽柳、沙枣、针茅草、棉花（Gossypium）、豆科
RB1	38.760°	100.115°	1730	河流沉积样品
RB2	38.822°	100.199°	1637	河流沉积样品
RB3	38.877°	100.308°	1541	河流沉积样品
RB4	38.877°	100.310°	1533	河流沉积样品
RB5	39.327°	100.108°	1321	河流沉积样品
RB6	39.328°	100.107°	1320	河流沉积样品
RB7	39.574°	99.649°	1262	河流沉积样品
RB8	39.661°	99.580°	1252	河流沉积样品

乔木	灌木	草本		水生	蕨类
桤木属	黄杨科	蒿属	禾本科	香蒲科	水龙骨科
桦木属	胡颓子科	菊科	蓼科
雪松属	麻黄属	石竹科	蔷薇科
白蜡树属	沙棘属	藜科	毛茛科
胡桃属	豆科	莎草科	茄科
木犀科	白刺属	川续断科	唐松草属
云杉属	柽柳属	葎草属	伞形科
松属		唇形科	十字花科
栎属		锦葵科
榆属

生态组	科属名称	含量（%）
第一组	黄杨科、雪松属	0~4.4
第二组	白蜡树属、胡桃属、毛茛科、榆属	1.5~6.0
第三组	麻黄属、胡颓子科、葎草属、唇形科、白刺属、茄科、柽柳属	6.6~16.7
第四组	蒿属、菊科、石竹科、藜科、松属、禾本科、蔷薇科	78.8~89.3

生态组	科属名称	含量（%）
第一组	雪松属	0~0.5
第二组	桤木属、桦木属、木犀科、云杉属、水龙骨科、栎属、毛茛科、榆属	1~39.4
第三组	十字花科、川续断科、麻黄属、胡颓子科、沙棘属、葎草属、唇形科、锦葵科、白刺属、茄科、柽柳属、唐松草属、香蒲科、伞形科	3.6~27.5
第四组	蒿属、菊科、石竹科、藜科、莎草属、豆科、松属、禾本科、蓼科、蔷薇科	48.6~94.1