地理科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 11-19.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2018.01.002
收稿日期:
2017-04-18
修回日期:
2017-07-25
出版日期:
2018-01-10
发布日期:
2018-01-10
作者简介:
作者简介:张艳(1984-),女,苗族,新疆库尔勒人,副教授,博士,主要从事城市社会地理学与行为地理学研究。E-mail:
基金资助:
Received:
2017-04-18
Revised:
2017-07-25
Online:
2018-01-10
Published:
2018-01-10
Supported by:
摘要:
基于北京市9个不同类型中低收入社区的600位就业者的问卷调查数据,通过构建多元线性回归模型,验证了住房机会(住房搬迁机会)以及就业机会(工作单位类型)等市场转型过程中的制度性因素对中低收入者就业可达性的影响。研究表明,北京市中低收入居民中,国有企业单位及非国有企业单位就业者相对于行政事业单位就业者,显著地承受更大程度的职住分离,体现出单位制度残留的持续影响。由于政府保障性住房项目而搬迁的中低收入居民职住分离程度最大,而因个人原因发生居住搬迁的中低收入者职住距离则相对较近。拥有北京市户口的本地内生型中低收入者、非户主低收入者、男性低收入者的职住分离程度显著更大。最后,北京市中低收入者的月收入与其职住距离成显著正相关,表明市场因素开始发挥作用,但当考虑了住房搬迁机会变量后,部分市场化因素的影响不仅减弱并且变得不显著,而制度性因素的影响变得更强且统计上显著。由此说明,对于转型期的城市中低收入者而言,计划经济下再分配制度的残留与路径依赖以及城市空间的结构性调整对其职住关系的影响更为显著。
中图分类号:
张艳, 刘志林. 市场转型背景下北京市中低收入居民的住房机会与职住分离研究[J]. 地理科学, 2018, 38(1): 11-19.
Yan Zhang, Zhilin Liu. Access to Housings and Home-work Separation of Moderate to Low-income Residents in Beijing Under the Market-oriented Transition[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2018, 38(1): 11-19.
表1
北京中低收入者职住距离的主要影响变量及样本分布"
全体就业样本 | 回答问卷的就业样本 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
样本数 | 百分比(%) | 职住距离均值(km) | 样本数 | 百分比(%) | 职住距离均值(km) | |||
工作单位类型 | 行政事业单位 | 146 | 24.3 | 5.67 | 58 | 27.1 | 3.85 | |
国有企业 | 133 | 22.2 | 8.96 | 36 | 16.8 | 7.33 | ||
非国有企业 | 153 | 25.5 | 8.09 | 43 | 20.1 | 5.14 | ||
其他单位 | 161 | 26.8 | 2.74 | 75 | 35.0 | 1.57 | ||
住房产权 | 租赁 | 247 | 41.2 | 4.62 | 104 | 48.6 | 2.64 | |
自有 | 352 | 58.7 | 7.42 | 110 | 51.4 | 5.14 | ||
住房搬迁机会 | 1988年以来未搬迁 | 31 | 14.5 | 2.42 | ||||
单位住房福利搬迁 | 24 | 11.2 | 1.73 | |||||
拆迁安置搬迁 | 39 | 18.2 | 4.29 | |||||
政府保障性住房搬迁 | 14 | 6.5 | 10.89 | |||||
个人原因搬迁 | 92 | 43.0 | 3.93 |
表2
北京中低收入者职住距离的多元线性回归模型"
自变量 | 模型1 | 模型2 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
系数 | 标准误差 | 系数 | 标准误差 | ||
住房搬迁机会(参照:1988年以来未搬迁) | |||||
单位住房福利搬迁 | -0.251 | 0.482 | |||
拆迁安置搬迁 | -0.009 | 0.432 | |||
保障性住房项目搬迁 | 1.248* | 0.667 | |||
个人原因搬迁 | 0.203 | 0.439 | |||
工作单位类型(参照:行政事业单位) | |||||
国有企业 | 0.558*** | 0.184 | 1.347*** | 0.394 | |
非国有企业 | 0.506*** | 0.180 | 1.084*** | 0.386 | |
其他 | -0.987** | 0.187 | -0.706** | 0.349 | |
居住区位(参照:市中心) | 0.496** | 0.129 | 0.259 | 0.268 | |
北京户口(参照:外来人口) | 0.728** | 0.195 | 0.702* | 0.363 | |
自有产权(参照:租房) | 0.326** | 0.157 | 0.649** | 0.305 | |
人均住房面积 | 0.013* | 0.007 | 0.018 | 0.013 | |
家庭就业人数比 | -0.390 | 0.261 | 0.549 | 0.510 | |
小汽车拥有率 | 0.162 | 0.370 | 0.236 | 0.665 | |
年龄 | -0.023*** | 0.008 | -0.006 | 0.019 | |
个人月工资(取对数) | 0.274** | 0.128 | 0.026 | 0.248 | |
男性(参照:女性) | 0.200 | 0.131 | 0.608** | 0.293 | |
户主(参照:非户主) | -0.396** | 0.154 | -0.502* | 0.302 | |
已婚(参照:未婚) | 0.095 | 0.180 | -0.104 | 0.453 | |
有未成年孩子(参照:无未成年孩子) | -0.006 | 0.162 | 0.359 | 0.317 | |
常数 | 5.536*** | 1.042 | 5.092** | 2.031 | |
样本数 | 454 | 145 | |||
R2 | 0.374 | 0.435 | |||
调整R2 | 0.353 | 0.349 |
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